断裂垂向分段生长在油气勘探开发中的应用及发展趋势

Trends and application of fault vertically segmented growth in the hydrocarbon exploration and production

断层垂向分段生长是含油气盆地中普遍存在的一种地质现象,但由于地震分辨率的限制,地震剖面上垂向分段生长断层通常被解释成一条断层.大量油气田勘探开发实践证实,可靠、合理的三维地震解释(断层解释)是油气田勘探开发方案合理部署的最重要基础.本文系统概述了断层垂向分段生长的研究进展及存在问题,介绍了断层垂向分段生长的相关理论研究、物理模拟和评价方法等方面的新认识,提出岩石能干性差异是断层垂向分段生长的直接原因,控制着断层垂向分段生长演化过程.同时,明确了断层垂向分段生长的地震-地质证据,建立了断层垂向分段生长过程定量评价方法,并探讨了断层垂向分段生长对油气勘探开发的地质意义.最后,对断层垂向分段生长研究国内外研究现状和未来发展趋势作了分析.

Fault vertically segmented growth is a common geological phenomenon in petroliferous basins,but due to the limitation of seismic resolution,vertically segmented growth faults in seismic profiles are usually interpreted as one fault.A large number of exploration and development practices in oil and gas fields have proved that reliable and reasonable three-dimensional seismic interpretation(fault interpretation)is the most important basis for the rational deployment of exploration and development programs in oil and gas fields.In this paper,the authors summarized the research progress and the existing problems of fault vertically segmented growth.This paper introduces some new knowledge on relevant theoretical research,physical simulation and evaluation method of fault vertically segmented growth,and put forward that rock competence differences is the direct cause of fault vertically segmented growth,and controlled the fault vertically growth and evolution.At the same time,the seismic and geological evidences of fault vertically segmented growth are defined,the quantitative evaluation method of fault vertically segmented growth process is established,and the geological significance of fault vertically segmented growth for oil and gas exploration and development is discussed.Finally,the present situation at home and abroad and future development trend of the study on fault vertically segmented growth are analyzed.