设施栽培草莓中农药残留膳食风险评估

Dietary Risk Assessments of Pesticide Residues in Greenhouse-grown Strawberry

以北京、河北、山东、安徽和辽宁五个设施栽培草莓主产区的120个样品为研究对象,进行88种农药残留分析及膳食摄入风险评估,利用风险排序矩阵对检出农药进行风险排序,并计算最大残留限量估计值。结果表明,120个草莓样品中农药检出率为100%,共检出50种农药,其中23种农药在我国或国际食品法典委员会制定了草莓中最大残留限量值,均未超标;检出农药的慢性和急性膳食摄入风险分别为0.0005%~33.02%(平均值1.39%)和0.01%~72.51%(平均值5.51%),均小于100%;根据农药风险得分排序,检出的农药可划分为4类,其中高风险农药仅有1种,为水胺硫磷,中风险农药有6种,占12.5%,以低风险以下农药为主(41种),占85.4%;建议尽快制定或修订草莓中阿维菌素、敌敌畏和多菌灵等45种农药的最大残留限量值。

Residues of 88 pesticides in a total of 120 strawberry samples collected from five main growing areas(Beijing,Hebei,Shandong,Anhui and Liaoning)were detected. Chronic and acute dietary intake risks of the detected pesticide residues in these samples were assessed. The matrix ranking was referred to rank the risk of pesticides in strawberry samples,and the estimated maximum residue limits were calculated. The results showed that 100% of the strawberry samples were detected residues,and 50 pesticides were detected in the samples. The China or Codex Alimentarius Commission had set the maximum residue limits for the 23 detected pesticides in strawberries,and none of the pesticides exceeded the limits. The chronic and acute dietary intake risks were 0.0005%~33.02%(mean of 1.39%)and 0.01%~72.51%(mean of 5.51%),respectively,which were all lower than acceptable risk level(100%). The detected pesticides(except for brassinolide and GA3)were divided into four groups by risk score,i.e.,high risk group(isocarbophos),medium risk group(6 pesticides,accounting for 12.5% of the total detected pesticides),and the low and very low risk group(41 pesticides,accounting for 85.4%). And maximum residue limits for 45 pesticides(e.g. abamectin,dichlorvos,carbendazim)in strawberries were proposed to be established or revised.