《圣立义海》中反映的“九品才性”问题——古代民族语童蒙教材中的“等级”观念

Nine Talents and Characters Reflected in Sheng Li Yi Hai——The concept of strata in ancient ethnic children’s reading

蒙学教材是社会文化价值观在教育上的体现,是统治思想社会化和世俗化的反映。西夏与当时的中原及其他民族交往密切,社会流行思想文化中既有中原儒家思想体系,也吸收了佛教文化概念。而"品级",或者说"阶级"一直是当时中原文化以及佛教文化中的一种比较普遍的说法和价值观。在当时儒家文化和佛教文化相融汇为主流社会思想的西夏,《圣立义海》是具有社会教化目的的科普性蒙书之一。书中既强调了统治者们推行的"国、文、礼、教"时代风貌,还突出了把人群以某种价值标准分层的"九品才性"思想。本篇以西夏文《圣立义海》第十三章部分的记载为线索,结合儒学"九品"相关的说法以及佛教概念里的"十界"以及诸如"二十五等""四十八等"等分类学说对该文献中的"九品才性"问题进行了探讨,并论述了儒家思想及其社会制度渊源和与宋代中原佛教对西夏社会性读物编纂的影响。

The Children’s reading textbook is a kind of reflection on the social and cultural values in education,socialization and secularization.Xixia was in close contact with the Zhongyuan area and other ethnic groups at that time.Their social epidemic and ideological culture included both the Confucian ideology system of the Zhongyuan area and the Buddhist cultural concepts.The Strata or Class has always been a relatively common saying and value.In Xixia,where Confucian and Buddhist culture were merged into mainstream social thoughts,Sheng Li Yi Hai was one of the popular reading books with the purpose of social education.The book emphasizes the style of etiquette culture and also highlights the statement of Nine Talents and Characters that stratifies people with certain values.This article uses the records in the thirteenth chapter of the Tangut Sheng Li Yi Hai as a clue,combined the Nine Talents related to Confucianism and the Ten layers,Twenty-five levels and the Forty-eight classes in the Buddhist concept and discussed the the influence of the Zhongyuan’s Buddhism and Confucianism culture and ideology in the Song Dynasty on the compilation and publishing social readings in ancient ethnic area for example Xixia.