国内城市黑臭水体内源污染治理技术研究进展

Research Progress on Internal Pollution Control Technology for Urban Black and Odorous Water Body at Home

城市黑臭水体不仅影响景观,还会威胁人类健康。其中,内源污染是水体污染的重要来源。文章对内源污染的形成及危害、异位和原位治理技术定义及优缺点等内容进行了总结。主要结论如下:底泥清淤能快速转移污染底泥,但易破坏水底的生态系统,且会给环境带来二次污染;底泥覆盖能减少底泥污染物向水体释放,但不能移除污染物,仍存在污染物释放到水体的风险;投放化学药剂能有效去除污染物,但可能带来水体毒性以及引起污染物的异常释放,一般适用于应急处理;微生物修复底泥效果好,但目前还处于实验室和中试试验阶段;底泥曝气能加快底泥复氧速度,有效改善黑臭水体污染情况,但其耗能高,受设备因素限制而少应用于实践。在城市黑臭水体内源治理实际工程中,应依据不同治理技术的优缺点制定具体实施方案,以修复城市水体生态环境。

Urban black and odorous water body affects the landscape and threatens human health. And internal pollution is an important source of water pollution. The paper summarizes the formation and harm of internal pollution, the definition, strength and weakness of ex-situ and in-situ technologies. The main conclusions are as follows. Sediment dredging can quickly transfer polluted sediment, but it also damages the ecosystem and causes secondary pollution to the environment easily. Sediment cover can reduce the release of sediment pollutants to overlying water, but it cannot remove the pollutants, thus there is still a risk of pollutant release. Chemical dosing can effectively remove pollutants, but it may lead to water toxicity and abnormal release of pollutants, which is generally applicable for emergency treatment. Microbial remediation of sediment is effective, but it is still in the laboratory and pilot test stage. Sediment aeration can speed up re-oxygenation and effectively improve water quality, but it is seldom applied in practice due to high energy consumption and equipments. In the project of internal pollution governance, the strength and weakness of different treatment technologies should be taken into account to rehabilitate urban water ecological environment.