论社会服务机构出资人权利

Rights of Donors of Social Service Institutions

立法和司法判决对社会服务机构出资人权利的认识存在分歧。出资行为具有单向性、利他性和附条件性等特点。出资人与社会服务机构具有独立的法人格,在"委托权-控制权-受益权"三权分离关系下,出资人享有显名权、设定法人目的及治理机制,以及通过选任、表决、监督等方式保证出资目的实现的权利。出资人权利的行使不得违反法律法规、违背公序良俗,不得损害法人的独立人格,不得损害"利益相关者"的权益,更要受到出资目的的限制。立法应以目的为标准将社会服务机构分为公益性和互益性两类,对公益性社会服务机构出资人权利的行使设定更多限制,以减少出资人的主观随意,而互益性社会服务机构出资人、受益人等利益相关方应有更多的自主权。

Judicial judgments have different views on the rights of donors of social service institutions. The investment behavior has the characteristics of unidirectionality,altruism and conditionality. Donors and social service institutions have independent legal personality. Under the separation of the three powers of"principal right-control right-beneficiary right",donors have the right to show their names,set up the purpose of social service institutions and governance mechanism,and ensure the right to realize the purpose of investment by means of election,voting and supervision.The exercise of the rights of donors shall not violate the law,public order and good customs,damage the independent personality of legal persons,damage the rights and interests of"stakeholders",and be restricted by the purpose of investment. Legislation should classify social service institutions into public welfare and mutual benefit according to the criterion of purpose. More restrictions should be set on the exercise of the rights of donors of public welfare institutions in order to reduce the subjective arbitrariness of donors,while donors and beneficiaries of mutual benefit institutions should have more autonomy.