2005—2015年澳门老年人体育锻炼行为变化及影响因素分析

Analysis on the Change of Physical Exercise Behavior and Its Influencing Factors of the Elderly in Macao from 2005 to 2015

目的:通过对澳门老年人体育锻炼行为2005—2015年变化的研究,从横向研究和纵向研究分析澳门老年人体育锻炼行为特征变化及影响因素的变化。方法:利用2005、2010、2015年60~69岁人群体育健身活动和体质状况监测数据资料,从体育锻炼的基本特征,锻炼目的、锻炼项目、锻炼场所、坚持时间分析4个指标以及体育锻炼参与程度及其影响因素进行分析,比较其现状及趋势变化。结果:1)2005—2015年澳门老年人总体体育锻炼基本特征:澳门老年居民锻炼首要目的为预防疾病;锻炼项目多样,以步行为主;公园为参加体育锻炼的主要场所且坚持锻炼的时间较长;2)澳门老年人体育锻炼参与程度较好,经常参加体育锻炼的人数比例较高,随时间和社会发展参与程度呈稳定提高趋势;3)影响澳门老年人参加体育锻炼障碍的原因主要是余暇时间不足、惰性及体育锻炼场地、器材、设施的短缺,且随着社会发展影响体育锻炼行为的因素越来越多。结论:随着社会的发展及人们生活观、价值观的不断更新,澳门老年人对体育活动的需求已逐渐从单一化向多样化转变,对体育锻炼场所也需要一定的改变,并且老年居民在体育锻炼方面所面临的主要障碍因素也越来越多,提示我们在进行社区体育健身场所、设施的建设过程中,应为广大老年人提供良好的锻炼条件,以促进我国老年体育活动的开展。

Objective:Through a study on the changes of physical exercise behavior of the elderly in Macao from 2005 to 2015,the changes of physical exercise behavior characteristics and influencing factors of the elderly in Macao were analyzed from horizontal and longitudinal studies.Methods:Using the data of national physical fitness monitoring on physical fitness activities and physical condition of people aged from 60 to 69 years old in 2005,2010 and 2015,which from four indicators:the basic characteristics of physical exercise,the purpose of exercise,exercise items,exercise places,persistence time analysis,as well as the degree of participation in physical exercise and its influencing factors were analyzed,and their current situation and trends were compared.Results:1)Basic characteristics of the general physical exercise of the elderly in Macao from 2005 to 2015:the primary purpose of exercise for the elderly in Macao is to prevent diseases;the exercise items are diversified which mainly walking;the park is the place to participate in physical exercise and the time to insist on exercise is longer;2)the participation of physical exercise for the elderly in Macao is better,and the proportion of people who often participate in physical exercise is relatively high,with the development of time and society,the degree of participation has become a stable increasing trend;3)the main reasons that affect the elderly in Macao to participate in physical exercise are the lack of leisure time,inertia and the lack of physical exercise venues,equipment and facilities,and with the development of society,more and more factors could affect physical exercise behavior.Conclusion:With the development of society and the continuous renewal of people's outlook on life and values,the demand for sports activities of the elderly in Macao has gradually changed from singleness to diversification,and the places for physical exercise also need to be changed,and the main obstacles faced by the elderly residents in physical exercise are getting much larger,suggesting that when we are carrying out community sports fitness places and facilities of construction,we should provide good exercise conditions for the elderly so as to promote the development of sports activities for the elderly in China.