《沙郡年记》中“土地伦理观”探析

An Approach to the Land Ethics in A Sand County Almanac

阿尔多·李奥帕德是美国环保运动的先驱,也是最早系统深入地研究整体主义理论观的哲学家,他留给世人最重要的遗产是土地伦理观,而这一理念在他的遗著《沙郡年记》中得到了最佳的诠释。针对以往环境文学研究只聚焦于《沙郡年记》最后部分的哲理性散文,以整书内容为研究对象,从三个方面探析其土地伦理观:通过景物素描挖掘自然的神秘美与和谐美,阐述自然环境是土地伦理观的基础;围绕作者描述的人与自然的多重关系进一步说明土地伦理观;从整本书所谈论的生态良知、生态教育、生态保护寻找从现代文明到生态文明的出路,说明提倡土地伦理观的必要性。基于此,得出结论:李奥帕德的土地伦理观是当之无愧的现代环保宣言。

Aldo Leopold,the forerunner of modern American environmental conservation movement,is also a philosopher who initiated the study of ethical holism systematically.The land ethics,which is best illustrated in his posthumous work A Sand County Almanac,is the most precious treasure he gives to the world.Many environmental critics usually focus their research on the philosophical essays in the book’s final part.This thesis will be based on the whole book in the following three aspects to explore the land ethics:The first section explores the mysterious and harmonious beauty of nature through the descriptions of environment,and then puts forward that nature is the base of the land ethics.The second section analyzes the theory by illustrating the complex relationship between man and nature.The third section,which is relevant to the ecological conscience,education and conservation,emphasizes the necessity of the land ethics to find a way of shifting from modern civilization to ecological civilization.Based on that,the conclusion can be drawn that the land ethics is a worthy manifesto of modern environmental conservation.