口供印证的类型化研究——基于我国刑事审判实践的思考

Type Research on the Verification Proof of Confessions——Based on the Practice of Criminal Trial in China

口供印证属于印证证明模式最重要的组成部分,但是需要区分不同情况进行分类讨论。其中,认罪案件普通审理基于诉讼程序的完整性,口供的印证保留了完整的司法证明过程,需要遵循“实质印证”法则。认罪案件简化审理基于存在诉讼程序的简化,印证过程呈现出简化印证特点,但是审判人员必须坚持最低限度的印证要求。翻供案件中的口供印证呈现出双重印证特点,既要审查认罪供述的印证问题,又要审查翻供理由、无罪辩解的不能印证问题。共同犯罪案件的口供印证则是呈现为一种对比印证特点,审判人员需要对比共犯认罪供述的一致性,并在结合其他证据印证的基础上,得出共犯认罪供述的证据事实是否得到充分印证。

The verification proof of confessions is the most important part of the verification proof mode,and it needs to be distinguished in different situations for classification and discussion.The guilty plea cases in ordinary trials are based on the integrity of the proceedings,in which the verification proof of confessions needs to apply to the complete process of judicial proof,and follow the“substantive proof”rule.The guilty plea cases in simplified trials are based on the simplification of procedures,and the process of judicial proof shows the characteristics of simplified verification proof.However,the judge must adhere to the minimum verification proof requirements.The process of judicial proof of the cases of withdrawing a confession shows the double verification proof features,which not only require the examination of the verification proof of confessions,but also the examination of the problem of being not able to carry out the verification proof of the defense of innocence or the reasons for withdrawing a confession.The process of judicial proof of joint crime shows the characteristic of comparative verification proof,in which the judge needs to compare the consistency of confessions of the accomplice,and find out whether the confessions have been fully confirmed on the basis of the combination of the verification proof of other evidences.