油氢合建站氢气泄漏扩散模拟及影响因素分析

Simulation and analysis on leakage of hydrogen in oil and hydrogen refueling station

利用FLACS软件建立某油氢合建站三维物理模型,对高压储氢瓶及加注机泄漏事故进行模拟,并分析不同罩棚形状、环境风速、风向对氢气泄漏事故的影响规律。研究表明:加氢机处发生泄漏时,现有加油站罩棚会造成氢气大量聚集,带斜角顶棚能显著降低可燃氢气云团量,油氢合建站改造过程中需将罩棚一并改造。高压储氢瓶泄漏扩散后形成的气云区域随着环境风速的增加在水平方向逐渐增大,垂直方向逐渐减小,气云偏向地面聚集,点燃风险增加;环境风对泄漏氢气具有吹散和稀释作用,但在不利风向条件下,氢气进入高阻塞度障碍区域,可燃气云量反而增大,需考虑当地主导风速风向,对加氢站进行合理布局。

FLACS software was used to establish a three-dimensional physical model of an oil-hydrogen refueling station.The leakage accidents of high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder and filler were simulated,and the effects of roof shape,wind speed and direction on hydrogen leakage accident were analyzed.Research shows that when the filler leaks,the common oil station roof will cause a large amount of hydrogen accumulation,and the inclined roof can significantly reduce the amount of combustible hydrogen cloud.The roof should be renovated in the process of reconstruction of the oil-hydrogen refueling station.With the increase of wind speed,the gas cloud area formed after the leakage of highpressure hydrogen storage cylinder increases gradually in the horizontal direction,but decreases gradually in the vertical direction.Gas clouds tend to gather on the ground,and the risk of ignition increases.Wind can disperse and dilute the leaked hydrogen,but when the hydrogen enters the high blockage barrier area under unfavorable wind direction,the amount of combustible gas cloud increases.It is necessary to consider the local dominant wind speed and wind direction to make a reasonable layout of oil-hydrogen station.