人群疏散出口障碍物对疏散效率的影响规律研究

Study on influence laws of obstacle in evacuation exit on evacuation efficiency

通常认为疏散出口应当保持畅通,避免障碍物阻碍通行进而降低疏散效率。但一些研究发现障碍物对疏散效率的影响可能并非完全负面,为了更全面、正确地认识障碍物对疏散效率的影响规律,在已有研究基础上,采用控制变量的方法,着重考虑障碍物位置和尺寸2个条件,通过构造不同条件的疏散场景,运用Pathfinder软件进行模拟仿真,分析获得障碍物位置和尺寸对疏散效率的影响规律:其他条件不变的情况下,障碍物距离出口由近到远变化,疏散效率呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势;障碍物尺寸也对疏散效率有显著影响。效率曲线的趋势和极值为进一步的应急策略研究提供了参考和依据。

It is generally considered that the evacuation exit should be kept clear to avoid the obstacles blocking the passage thus reducing the evacuation efficiency.However,some studies have found that the influence of obstacles on the evacuation efficiency may not be completely negative.In order to understand the influence laws of obstacles on the evacuation efficiency more fully and correctly,on the basis of previous research,the method of control variables was used to focus on two conditions of obstacle position and size.Through constructing the evacuation scenarios under different conditions,the simulation was carried out by using the Pathfinder software,and the influence laws of obstacle position and size on the evacuation efficiency were analyzed and obtained.With other conditions remaining unchanged,when the distance between obstacle and exit changed from near to far,the evacuation efficiency decreased first and then increased and decreased again.The size of obstacle also had obvious influence on the evacuation efficiency.The tendency and extreme values of the evacuation efficiency curves provide basis and reference for the further study of emergency strategies.