奶牛体温评价指标及测定方法研究进展

Research Progress on Evaluation Indices and Measurements of Body Temperature in Dairy Cows

体温是动物重要的基本生理指标,其变化可以灵敏指示机体的健康状况、生理功能和所处环境变化。体温及其变化的准确测定是生产中进行奶牛发情鉴定、疾病诊断和热应激程度评估的重要依据。可用于反映奶牛体温的指标很多,每种指标的测定方法不尽相同,本文总结了血液、鼓膜、腹膜、乳房、牛奶、直肠、阴道、瘤/网胃、体表等部位温度作为奶牛体温评价指标的研究和应用,并结合上述指标的应用现状,阐述了直肠温度、阴道温度、牛奶温度、瘤/网胃温度和体表温度的常见测定方法,以供奶牛生产或相关研究参考。

Body temperature is an important basic physiological parameter of animals,and the changes are a sensitive indicator for the physical conditions,physiologic functions and response of animal to the physico⁃envi⁃ronmental factors.Accurate determination of body temperature or its variation in dairy cows could provide im⁃portant evidence for estrus detection,disease diagnose and heat stress evaluation.Temperatures measured at multiple anatomical sites have been used as indices of body temperature in dairy cows,and each index can be measured by several methods.In order to provide reference for the related research,this paper summarized the investigation and application of body temperature indices measured from blood,tympanic membrane,peritone⁃um,udder,milk,rectum,vagina,rumen/reticulum and body surface of dairy cows,as well as the methods used to determine rectal temperature,vaginal temperature,milk temperature,rumen/reticular temperature and body surface temperature.