有氧条件下污染禾谷镰刀菌的玉米蛋白粉品质变化规律和呕吐毒素的积累规律研究

Variation of Corn Gluten Meal Quality Contaminated by Fusarium graminearum and Accumulation of Deoxynivalenol under Aerobic Conditions

本试验旨在研究有氧条件下接种禾谷镰刀菌后玉米蛋白粉品质变化规律和呕吐毒素(DON)的积累规律。采用1×10^5、1×10^6、1×10^7个/g禾谷镰刀菌接种量准确接种于水分含量为22%的玉米蛋白粉中,三角瓶有氧培养,通氧量为1020 m^2/m^3,培养温度为(25±2)℃,湿度为(75±5)%,培养60 d,测定玉米蛋白粉品质相关指标和DON积累规律。结果表明:禾谷镰刀菌接种量对为禾谷镰刀菌提供氮源的粗蛋白质、氨基酸含量和提供碳源的粗脂肪、淀粉、粗纤维含量以及品质评价指标酸价、蛋白质溶解度、能量变化均无显著影响(P>0.05)。氨基酸含量随着培养时间的延长呈二次曲线变化(P<0.01),粗脂肪、淀粉、粗纤维含量及蛋白质溶解度、能量随着培养时间的延长呈线性降低(P<0.01),酸价随着培养时间的延长呈线性增加(P<0.01)。禾谷镰刀菌接种量对品质评价指标霉菌总数变化有影响,不同禾谷镰刀菌接种量组霉菌总数随着培养时间的延长呈二次曲线变化(P<0.01)。DON与15乙酰基脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇(15AC⁃DON)的积累规律均为0~10 d为禾谷镰刀菌产毒前期;11~15 d为产毒中期;16~60 d为产毒后期。综上,在有氧条件下,禾谷镰刀菌接种量对营养素变化无显著影响,对霉菌总数和毒素积累有影响,培养时间越长,禾谷镰刀菌接种量越高,品质越差;DON和15AC⁃DON有积累规律。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of corn gluten meal(CGM)quality and the accumulation of deoxynivalenol(DON)after inoculation with Fusarium graminearum under aerobic condi⁃tions.The inoculation amount of 1×10^5,1×10^6,1×10^7 conidia/g Fusarium graminearum were accurately in⁃oculated into CGM with moisture content of 22%.The triangle bottle was cultured in aerobic,oxygen supply of 1020 m^2/m^3,the culture temperature was(25±2)℃,the humidity was(75±5)%,and the culture was car⁃ried out for 60 days.The quality indexes of CGM and the accumulation rule of DON were determined.The re⁃sults showed as follows:the inoculum of Fusarium graminearum had no effect on the change of N⁃source crude protein,amino acid contents and C⁃source ether extract,starch,crude fibre contents and quality evaluation in⁃dexes for acid value,protein solubility,energy change for Fusarium graminearum.With the prolongation of culture time,the amino acid contents was quadratic(P<0.01),the ether extract,starch,crude fibre contents,protein solubility and energy were decreased linearly(P<0.01),the acid value was increased linearly(P<0.01).The inoculum of Fusarium graminearum had an effect on the change of total molds.With the prolonga⁃tion of culture time,the total molds was quadratic(P<0.01).Fusarium graminearum pre⁃toxicity:0 to 10 d;mid⁃toxicity:11 to 15 d;late production of poison:16 to 60 d.Under aerobic conditions,the inoculation a⁃mount of Fusarium graminearum has no effect on nutrient changes,and has an effect on the total molds and toxin accumulation.The longer the culture time is,the higher the inoculum of Fusarium graminearum is and the worse the quality is.The accumulation rule of DON and 15AC⁃DON are existed.