心理治疗流派的哲学基础、差异与整合

The Philosophical Basis,Distinction and Integration of Psychotherapy Schools

以精神分析、来访者中心疗法、认知行为疗法这三大当代主流心理治疗流派为对象,分析了其哲学基础,并对这三大流派的临床应用效果作出评价。从本体论和认识论的角度,对各流派理论的主要哲学基础进行简单的划分,发现有的偏向于唯心主义,有的则偏向于唯物主义,哲学取向上有着本质的不同,但各流派的临床适应证相似。总的说来,疗效无明显差异,均各有利弊,各流派应取长补短,走向心理治疗整合,以期提高心理治疗效果并缩短其疗程。

This article takes the three major mainstream psychotherapy schools of psychoanalysis,person centered therapy,and cognitive-behavioral therapy as the objects,and analyzes their philosophical foundations,and makes effectiveness evaluation of their clinical application.From the perspective of ontology and epistemology,we simply divide the main philosophical foundations of each school of theories,and find that some lean toward idealism,while others prefer materialism.The philosophical orientations are essentially different,but the clinical indications of each are similar.In general,there are no significant differences in efficacy,while each has its own advantages and disadvantages.Each school should learn from each other's advances and move towards the integration of psychotherapy in order to improve the effectiveness and shorten the course.