地方高校贫困大学生心理资本调查研究

The investigation of the poor students’ psychological capital in local universities

目的了解地方高校贫困大学生的心理资本状况及规律,探索更利于大学生全面发展的资助工作模式。方法于2019年4-5月采用大学生心理资本量表对250名贫困大学生和1030名非贫困大学生进行调查,运用SPSS20.0对数据进行分析。结果贫困大学生的心理资本得分及自我效能感、韧性、希望、乐观4个维度水平均低于非贫困生;贫困生在韧性维度上存在性别差异,女生显著高于男生(t=2.295,P<0.01);贫困生的心理资本及自我效能感、韧性、希望、乐观4个维度存在显著的年级差异,大一到大三年级逐渐降低(F=7.286、3.717、6.012、4.832、3.239,P<0.05或0.01);贫困生中单亲家庭学生的自我效能维度低于非单亲学生(t=2.079,P<0.05);贫困生中独生子女心理资本及乐观水平低于非独生子女(t=2.276、2.140,P<0.05);担任过学生干部的贫困生心理资本及自我效能感、希望水平高于非学生干部贫困生(t=2.568、2.877、2.424,P<0.05或0.01)。结论地方高校贫困大学生的心理资本整体水平明显低于非贫困生,所在年级、是否为独生子女及是否担任学生干部对贫困生的心理资本有重要影响,大学生资助工作应加强针对性的校园文化活动和干预措施,以提高他们的心理资本水平,促进其全面、健康的发展。

Objective To understand the status of the poor students′psychological capital in local universities,and to explore more effective working mode of aid system to promote the students′overall development.Methods A total of 250 poor students and 1030 non-poor students were investigated on April and May,2019 by utilizing college students′psychological capital scale.The data was sorted and analyzed by using SPSS22.0 software.Results The scores of poor students′psychological capital,self-efficacy,resilience,hope,optimism were lower than those of non-poor students.Poor students′resilience differs in sex,and girls′resilience was apparently higher than boys′(t=2.295,P<0.01).Poor students′psychological capital,self-efficacy,resilience,hope,optimism had great differences in grade,and decrease from the first grade to the third grade(F=7.286,3.717,6.012,4.832,3.239,P<0.05 or 0.01).Poor students′self-efficacy of the single parent family was less than that of non-single parent family(t=2.079,P<0.05).Poor students′psychological capital and optimism of the only-child family were lower than those of non-only child family(t=2.276,2.140,P<0.05).The experience of student leaders had positive influence on the poor students′psychological capital and hope(t=2.568,2.424,P<0.05),especially on the self-efficacy(t=2.877,P<0.01).Conclusion Poor students′psychological capital of the local university is apparently lower than non-poor students.Grades,the only-child family,the experience of student leaders have crucial influence on the poor students′psychological capital.The aid system in the local university should strengthen the optimized culture activity and intervention measures to improve their level of psychological capital and help them develop thoroughly and healthily.