合肥地区居民公民逝世后器官捐献意愿及其影响因素分析

Analysis of organ donation willingness and its influencing factors for donation after citizen′s death in Hefei area

目的调查合肥地区居民公民逝世后器官捐献知识知晓情况及意愿,并分析器官捐献意愿影响因素。方法选取合肥市4个城区辖区内及2个乡镇的10个社区的居民作为研究对象。以社区卫生服务中心为调查现场,采取随机便利抽样调查法对居民开展问卷调查。问卷调查内容包括人口社会学资料以及器官捐献相关知识及捐献意愿。根据居民“是否愿意捐献器官救治亲朋好友或需要救治的人”条目的调查结果(剔除“不能确定”者)将其分为同意捐献组和不同意捐献组。采用配对t检验比较两组居民年龄。采用χ2检验比较两组居民性别、城乡差异、文化程度、是否了解器官捐献程序、国家相关法律是否完善、家属是否同意、对相关机构是否信任、对捐献途径是否了解及是否受传统观念影响。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果最终纳入7520名居民参与问卷调查,平均年龄(35±10)岁(18~84岁),其中男性3824名(50.8%);城镇居民4150名(55.2%);职业以退休人员、农民、工人、自由职业和学生为主,分别为1570(20.9%)、1177(15.6%)、1140(15.2%)、1089(14.5%)和1088名(14.5%);文化程度初中及以上有4262名(56.7%)。79.6%居民听说过器官捐献(5982/7520),85.7%居民不知晓器官捐献流程(6444/7520),96.9%居民表示身边无人接受过器官捐献(7287/7520)。居民获取器官捐献知识以电视和报纸为主,分别占57.3%(4306/7520)和23.7%(1784/7520)。86.9%居民愿意主动向身边人宣传器官捐献相关知识,愿意签署器官捐献意向书以及捐献器官救治亲朋好友或需要救治的人的居民分别占36.8%(2766/7520)和30.7%(2308/7520)。年龄、城乡差异、文化程度、器官捐献程序不了解、家属不同意、对相关机构不信任、对捐献途径不了解及传统观念影响等均是影响居民器官捐献意愿的因素(t=6.63,χ^2=7.13、6.87、4.61、14.88、4.24、11.81和10.53,P均<0.05)。结论影响居民器官捐献意愿的因素众多,多途径增加器官捐献知识的宣传,提高居民对公民逝世后器官捐献的认识至关重要。

Objective To investigate the knowledge and willingness of organ donation after citizen’s death in Hefei area,and to analyze the influencing factors of organ donation willingness.Methods The residents of 10 communities in 4 urban districts and 2 towns of Hefei city were selected.The community health service center was selected as the survey site.The random convenience sampling survey method was adopted to carry out the questionnaire survey on the community residents.The content of the questionnaire included demographic and sociological data,knowledge and willingness of organ donation.Residents were divided into the donation group and the non-donation group according to the survey results of the item‘whether they are willing to donate organs to save relatives and friends or those in need of treatment’(excluding those who are not sure).The matching t test was used to compare the age of residents in the donation group and the non-donation group.The chi-square test was used to compare the gender,urban and rural differences,educational level,knowledge of organ donation procedures,perfection of relevant national laws,consent of family members,trust in relevant institutions,knowledge of donation approaches and influence of traditional concepts between the two groups.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results 7520 residents were included in the questionnaire survey,with an average age of(35±10)years old(18-84 years old),including 3824 males(50.8%).4150 urban residents(55.2%);The occupations were mainly retirees,farmers,workers,freelance and students,1570(20.9%),1177(15.6%),1140(15.2%),1089(14.5%)and 1088(14.5%),respectively.4262(56.7%)had junior high school education or above.79.6%of the residents had heard of organ donation(5982/7520),85.7%of the residents did not know the organ donation process(6444/7520),96.9%of the residents said that no one around had received organ donation(7287/7520).TV and newspaper were the main sources of organ donation knowledge,accounting for 57.3%(4306/7520)and 23.7%(1784/7520)respectively.86.9%of the residents were willing to actively publicize the knowledge of organ donation to the people around them.36.8%(2766/7520)of the residents were willing to sign the letter of intent for organ donation and 30.7%(2308/7520)of the residents were willing to donate organs to their relatives,friends or people in need of treatment.Age,differences between urban and rural areas,education level,lack of understanding of organ donation procedures,family members′disapproval,distrust of relevant institutions,lack of understanding of donation approaches and influence of traditional concepts were all factors influencing residents′willingness to donate organs(t=6.63,χ^2=7.13,6.87,4.61,14.88,4.24,11.81 and 10.53,P all<0.05).Conclusions There are many factors influencing residents′willingness to donate organs,so it is of great importance to increase the publicity of organ donation knowledge through multiple channels and raise residents′awareness of organ donation after citizens′death.