《反不正当竞争法》一般条款适用的泛化困局与绕行破解——以重构“二维指征下的三元目标叠加”标准为进路

A New Sensible Theoretical Method Against the Predicament Caused by the Application of General Provisions of Anti-Unfair Competition Law: The Approach of Reestablishing the Applicable Standards

就实践中纷繁复杂的不正当竞争样态而言,现行《反不正当竞争法》所固化的七种不正当竞争行为显然难以胜任维护竞争秩序的全部法律适用需求。类型化稀缺与封闭导致了大量规范留白,使得弹性、开放的一般条款具备了特殊的价值空间。但与之俱来的是,其抽象、灵活的特点也恰好迎合了司法权天然膨胀的本性。适用泛化的趋势,导致以“创新”为内核的自由竞争空间陷于被垄断性权益不断侵蚀的窘境。面对高度抽象、难以界定的“公平诚信”“商业道德”评判标准,适时搁置纷争,务实绕行,重构以“傍附损害”“干扰损害”为先导疑似指征,于“竞争秩序维护”“消费者福祉增进”“经营者权益保护”三元目标间往返穿梭作出利益衡量的全新体系化评判标准,或可能成为破解泛化困局,精准适用一般条款规定的可行路径。

Just in the real business environment which many forms of competition are complex that seven acts of unfair competition typified in the newly revised Anti-Unfair Competition Law obviously failed to meet all the requirements of legal application to maintain competition order.The scarcity and closure of typed provisions result in a large number of legal blanks.The emergence of this situation makes the general provisions which are flexible and open have special applicable value.However,come into being with,the abstraction of general provisions also caters to the natural expansion of judicial power.The tendency of applying abuse leads to the predicament that the free competition space with the“innovation core”is constantly eroded by monopolistic interests.Shelve disputes,pragmatic bypass the principle of“fairness and good faith”,“business ethics”,extract“hitchhiking damages”and“interference damages”as the suspected indications and reconstruction of a new systematic evaluation standard which makes benefit measurement between the three goals of“maintaining the order of competition”,“enriching consumer welfare”and“protecting the interests of operators”may be a feasible method to break this ice.