土壤增施硒肥对西瓜生长及其产量、品质的影响

Effect of Increasing Soil Selenium Fertilizer on Growth,Yield and Quality of Watermelon

【目的】探索土壤增施硒肥对西瓜生长、产量、品质及果肉硒含量影响的变化规律,明确西瓜的最佳硒肥施用量,以期为富硒西瓜的生产管理提供科学的理论依据和技术途径。【方法】采用田间试验,以圣达尔和开美1号为试验材料,试验共设4个硒肥水平,分别为0(CK)、0.25(Se1)、0.50(Se2)、0.75 kg/hm2(Se3),分析了土壤增施硒肥对西瓜生长、产量、品质及果肉硒含量的影响。【结果】与CK相比,土壤增施硒肥可提高西瓜叶片SPAD值、干物质积累量及产量,均表现为随施硒量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,以Se2处理达到最大,圣达尔较CK分别显著增加22.3%、26.6%及16.1%(P<0.05),开美1号则分别显著增加24.0%、34.9%及14.6%(P<0.05)。土壤增施硒肥可提高西瓜果肉可溶性糖、糖酸比、维生素C和可溶性蛋白等营养品质,表现为随施硒量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,以Se2处理达到最大,与CK相比,圣达尔分别显著增加11.6%、30.4%、13.5%和22.7%(P<0.05),开美1号分别显著增加16.2%、30.9%、11.4%和20.2%(P<0.05)。而可滴定酸和硝酸盐含量则相反,表现为随施硒量的增加呈先降低后升高的趋势,以Se2处理最小,与CK相比,圣达尔分别显著降低14.4%和9.70%(P<0.05),开美1号分别显著降低11.2%和10.9%(P<0.05)。土壤增施硒肥可显著提高西瓜果肉硒含量,两品种均随着施硒量的增加而增加。【结论】综合分析,土壤施硒量为0.50 kg/hm2更有利于西瓜生长,可有效提高西瓜产量,改善品质,富硒效果最佳。

[Objective]In order to make clear the optimal application amount of selenium fertilizer and provide scientific and theoretical basis for the production and management of selenium-rich watermelon,the changing laws of growth,yield,and quality and flesh selenium content of watermelon were explored by increasing soil selenium fertilizer.[Method]Field experiment was adopted in this experiment,and Shengdaer and Kaimei No.1 were used as experimental materials.Four selenium fertilizer application levels were set,which were 0(CK),0.25(Se1),0.50(Se2)and 0.75 kg/hm2(Se3)respectively.The effects of soil selenium fertilizer on growth,yield,quality and flesh selenium content of watermelon were analyzed.[Result]Compared with the control,the SPAD value,dry matter accumulation and the yield of watermelon was increased by adding selenium fertilizer in soil.All of them showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of selenium application,and the maximum values were achieved by treating with Se2,which increased by 22.3%,26.6%and 16.1%respectively(P<0.05)in Shengdaer compared with CK,and increased significantly by 24.0%,34.9%and 14.6%in Kaimei No.1 compared with CK(P<0.05).The nutritional qualities of watermelon,such as soluble sugar,sugar-acid ratio,vitamin C and soluble protein content,could be improved by adding selenium fertilizer to the soil,which showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of selenium application,with the treatment of Se2 reached the maximum.Which increased by 11.6%,30.4%,13.5%and 22.7%in Shengdaer compared with CK(P<0.05),and increased by 16.2%,30.9%,11.4%and 20.2%in Kaimei No.1 compared with CK(P<0.05).The titratable acid and nitrate contents,on the other hand,showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing with the increase of selenium application,which was minimized by Se2 treatment.Which decreased by 14.4%and 9.70%in Shengdaer compared with CK(P<0.05),and decreased by 11.2%and 10.9%in Kaimei No.1(P<0.05).Adding selenium fertilizer to the soil can significantly increase the selenium content in watermelon.[Conclusion]With comprehensive analysis,the soil selenium application amount of 0.50 kg/hm2 was more conducive to growth of watermelon,which could effectively improve the yield and quality of watermelon and the selenium enrichment effect was the best.