厚竹秆形因子与纤维性状及其相关性研究

A Study on the Stalk Factor and Fiber Traits and Their Correlation of Phyllostachys edulis ’Pachyloen’

【目的】纤维和秆形是衡量竹材性能的两个重要指标,为了探索厚竹(Phyllostachys edulis‘Pachyloen’)的秆形特征和纤维特性及二者之间的关系,【方法】通过分段解剖测量竹秆的直径、壁厚、枝下高、实心高等秆形因子,并在不同秆高处取样,采用硝酸乙醇法和显微观察手段测定纤维含量和形态。【结果】不同产地厚竹的壁厚率的相对标准偏差(RSD)仅8%,厚壁性状稳定;竹壁厚度和分枝高度随着竹秆胸径的增粗而增加,壁厚率随着胸径的增粗而略有降低;竹秆纤维平均含量为40.2%,从基部到顶部逐渐下降,纤维含量与秆形因子相关性不显著(P>0.05);纤维平均长度1615.0μm,平均宽度14.3μm,平均长宽比112.3,纤维长度与秆形因子间相关性不显著(P>0.05),纤维宽度与竹杆高度、粗度、秆壁厚度和实心处高度之间均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05);纤维形态轴向变异表现为竹秆中部纤维较长且窄,基部和梢部纤维较短且宽。【结论】厚竹厚壁性状和纤维形态稳定,可在长江流域及其以南地区推广,应选择适宜的立地条件和提高集约经营水平,培育大、中径级竹林,以提高竹材产量和质量;对竹材采用分段利用,以提高竹材的利用价值。

[Objective]Fiber and stalk form are two important indexes to measure the performance of bam⁃boo.This study aimed to explore the stalk shape characteristics and fiber characteristics and their relationship of thick bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis‘Pachyloen’).[Method]The diameter,wall thickness,undershoot height,and solid height of the bamboo stalk were measured by segmental anatomy.Samples were taken at different stalk heights,and the fiber content and morphology were determine by the method of nitric acid and microscopic ob⁃servation methods.[Result]The results showed that the relative standard deviation(RSD)of the thickness of thick bamboo in different producing areas was only 8%,and the thick wall traits were stable.The thickness of bamboo wall and the branching height increased with the increase of the DBH diameter,and the wall thickness ratio reduced slightly with the increase of the breast diameter.The average content of bamboo stalk fiber was 40.2%,which gradually decreased from the base to the top,and there was no significant correlation between fi⁃ber content and stalk factor(P>0.05).The average fiber length was 1615.0μm,the average width was 14.3μm,and the average aspect ratio was 114.The correlation between fiber length and stalk factor was not signifi⁃cant(P>0.05),and there was a significant positive correlation between fiber width and bamboo height,thick⁃ness,stalk wall thickness and solid height(P<0.05).The axial variation of fiber morphology showed that the fi⁃bers in the middle of the bamboo stalk were longer and narrower,and the fibers at the base and tip were shorter and wider.[Conclusion]Comprehensive analysis showed that the thick walled traits and fiber morphology of thick bamboo are stable and can be promoted in the Yangtze River Basin and its southern areas.Appropriate site conditions and intensive management levels should be selected,and large and medium-sized bamboo for⁃ests should be cultivated to improve bamboo yield and quality.Bamboo materials should be used in stages to in⁃crease its utilization value.