油茶“三华系列”花粉活力测定及花粉保存

Viability Determination and Preservation of Pollen of Camellia oleifera ’Huashuo’、’Huaxin’ and ’Huajin’

【目的】为筛选“三华系列”(‘华硕’、‘华金’、‘华鑫’)花粉活力适宜的检测方法及贮藏条件。【方法】研究采用FDA荧光染色法,I2-KI法以及离体萌发法研究不同贮藏温度(室温,4℃,-30℃,-80℃)条件下“三华系列”(‘华硕’、‘华金’、‘华鑫’)的花粉活力。【结果】(1)3种检测方法所得“新鲜花粉”活力值各不相同,其中I2-KI法检测花粉无活力,采用FDA荧光染色法和离体萌发法测定的花粉生活力值差异显著。‘华鑫’的新鲜花粉活力最高,‘华硕’次之,‘华金’花粉活力最低;(2)低温有利于花粉贮藏,花粉活力随贮藏时间的延长总体呈下降趋势。“三华系列”花粉品种间的适宜贮藏温度基本无显著差异,室温条件下,“三华系列”花粉活力下降速度最快,贮藏时间最短。室温下贮藏至13周后,“三华系列”花粉完全失去活力。4℃贮藏条件下,贮藏至第5周时,“三华系列”花粉活力40%~70%;-80℃适宜于花粉的长期贮藏(26周),其贮藏效果优于-30℃,贮藏至第26周时花粉活力在30%~40%,近似为-30℃贮藏条件下的2倍,花粉活力;(3)在通过对FDA荧光染色法与离体培养基法两种花粉活力检测方法进行相关性分析,发现FDA荧光染色法在4种不同贮藏温度下的测定结果与离体培养法有极显著强相关,相关系数大于0.9。【结论】I2-KI法不适宜作为油茶花粉活力检测方法,而FDA荧光染色法可作为跟踪和测定油茶花粉活力变化的方法来表征油茶花粉潜在活力,是开展授粉工作前快速检测花粉活力的好方法;低温有利于油茶花粉的贮藏,短期内(5周)贮藏“三华系列”花粉最适宜条件是4℃低温贮藏,“三华系列”花粉活力在40%~70%;长期(26周)贮藏“三华系列”花粉的最适宜条件是-80℃低温冷冻贮藏,花粉活力在30%~40%。

[Objective]This study aimed to filtrate suitable detection methods and storage conditions for pollen viability.[Method]This study was conducted to investigate the pollen viability of Cameillia Oleifera‘Huashuo’,‘Huaxin’and‘Huajin’under different storage conditions with different methods.The effects of dif⁃ferent storage temperatures(room temperature,4℃,-30℃,-80℃)on the pollen viability of C.Oleifera‘Huashuo’,‘Huaxin’and‘Huajin’were observed by FDA test,I2-KI method and in vitro germination method,which explored the suitable storage conditions for pollen[.Result]The results were as follows(.1)The pollen via⁃bility values detected by the three methods were different,among which the I2-KI method detected no viability,while the FDA test and the in vitro germination method determined significant difference in“fresh pollen”via⁃bility.C.Oleifera‘Huaxin’had the highest viability of“fresh pollen”,C.Oleifera‘Huashuo’followed,C.Oleif⁃era‘Huajin’had the lowest pollen viability.(2)Low temperature was conducive to pollen storage,and the pol⁃len viability decreased with the storage time.There was no significant difference in the suitable storage tempera⁃tures among the cultivars.At room temperature,the pollen viability of C.Oleifera‘Huashuo’,‘Huaxin’and‘Hu⁃ajin’pollen declined fast and the storage time was the shortest.After storage for 13 weeks at room temperature,the C.Oleifera‘Huashuo’,‘Huaxin’and‘Huajin’completely lost their pollen viability.Under the storage condi⁃tion of 4℃,stored to the 5th week,the C.Oleifera‘Huashuo’,‘Huaxin’and‘Huajin’pollen viability was 40%-70%.The storage life of pollen could be prolonged under the storage condition of 30℃,-80℃was suitable for long-term storage of pollen(26 weeks),and its storage effect was better than that of-30℃,and at the 26th week of storage,the pollen viability was approximately 2 times that of-30℃,and the pollen viability was 30%-40%.(3)The correlation between the FDA test and in vitro germination was found to be extremely significant and strongly correlated with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.9[.Conclusion]The I2-KI method is not suitable as a method for detecting the viability of Camellia pollen,and the FDA test can be used as a method to track and measure the changes in pollen viability and characterize the potential viability of Camellia pollen and it’s a rap⁃id test for pollen viability before pollination.Low temperature is conducive to the storage of Camellia pollen,low temperature 4℃is most suitable for short-term(5 weeks)storage of C.Oleifera‘Huashuo’,‘Huaxin’and‘Hu⁃ajin’pollen their pollen viability is 40%-70%;-80℃is most suitable for long-term(26 weeks)storage of the C.Oleifera‘Huashuo’,‘Huaxin’and‘Huajin’,their pollen viability is 30%-40%.