4CL-1型自走式大葱联合收获机的研制

Development of 4CL-1 self-propelled combine harvester for green onion

针对大葱收获劳动力短缺和有效收获机具匮乏的问题,该文结合国内大葱种植的农艺要求和种植模式,设计了一种自走式大葱联合收获机。该机由行走系统、传动系统、组合挖掘装置、链杆清送装置、除土装置、夹送装置、扭铺装置等组成,可一次性完成大葱的挖掘、清土、升运、铺放等作业。整机传动系统分为机械传动部分和液压传动部分。机械传动部分实现收获机行走系统及挖掘收获系统的动力协调,液压传动实现挖掘收获系统的位置调整、夹送装置的转速控制、扭铺装置的转速控制;旋松刀组与V型挖掘铲组成的挖掘装置,实现对土壤的分层松碎及挖掘;杆式输送链完成大葱输送及其黏附土壤的初次清理及抬升,清土辊完成大葱根部残余土壤的二次清除;柔性夹持输送带与清土装置配合,完成大葱的有效喂入及柔性夹持;扭送机构及铺放机构实现大葱由竖直向水平方向的改变,并完成大葱的有序铺放。田间试验结果表明,试验条件下的收净率为99.50%,损伤率为1.40%,损失率为0.70%,生产效率为0.049 hm2/h,约为人工收获的12倍。该机工作性能稳定可靠、作业效果好,可为大葱收获技术及装备的研发提供参考。

Based on the agronomic requirements and planting methods of domestic green onion planting, a self-propelled green onion combine harvester was designed. The machine is composed of walking system, transmission system, combined excavating device, clearing device, clamping conveyor, torsion paving device, and so on. It can complete the excavating, cleaning, lifting and laying of green onion at one time. Based on the theoretical analysis of power configuration requirements for the machine and motion relationship of each key component, the overall power of the machine and the gear ratio of each stage were determined, and the structural parameters of the key components were designed. The whole drive system consists of mechanical transmission part and hydraulic transmission part. The power coordination of walking system and excavating system is realized by the mechanical transmission part. The position adjustment of the excavating system, the rotation speed control of the clamping conveyor and the torsion paving device are realized by the hydraulic transmission. The combined excavating device composed of rotary loosening knife group and V-type excavating shovel, as the core part of green onion harvesting, affects the excavating effect and harvesting quality. That has a strong applicability to improve the excavating depth of green onion, realize step-by-step loosening and excavation of the soil, reduce excavation resistance and avoid harvesting congestion. The rotary loosening knife group completes the cutting of the soil on both sides, the V-type excavating shovel realizes the bottom excavation and lifting of the soil, the rod conveyor chain transports and lifts the green onions and the initial cleaning of the onion-attached soil, and the clearing roller remove residual soil from roots of green onion. The two-stage soil cleaning is composed of rod conveyor chain and soil cleaning roller to ensure the effect of soil cleaning and impurity removal. To alleviate the extrusion damage of green onion, the effective feeding and flexible clamping of green onion can be completed by clamping conveyor to adapt to different green onion sizes. Designing the speed of the rod conveyor chain, the forward speed of the machine and the clamping conveying speed, to understand the speed matching relationship among them, and ensure that the soil at the root of the green onion is cleaned and the clamping conveying is stable. The reversal conveying and laying mechanism can change the vertical clamping to horizontal conveying of green onion, and the orderly laying of green onion can be completed. The field test results show that the removal rate, damage rate, loss rate and productivity of the machine are 99.50%, 1.40%, 0.70% and 0.049 hm2/h, respectively. The machine solves the problems of large excavation resistance, unstable clamping and conveying, unclean root soil cleaning, disorderly laying, etc. This research can provide basis for design and development of green onion harvesting and equipment.