抗苹果轮纹病菌植物筛选及反式茴香脑抑菌机理

Screening of plants resistant to Botryosphaeria and investigating the underlying mechanism of antifungal activity of trans-Anethole

[目的]筛选抑制苹果轮纹病菌的杀菌植物,明确反式茴香脑作用苹果轮纹病菌的初步机理,为开发新型安全高效的植物源苹果轮纹病菌防治剂提供思路。[方法]采用生长速率法测定17种植物提取物和反式茴香脑对苹果轮纹病菌的抑制效果,同时使用分光光度法研究该病菌菌丝体被反式茴香脑作用后体内的可溶性蛋白、丙酮酸、还原糖含量。[结果]当供试浓度为2 g·L-1时,八角茴香、博落回提取物对苹果轮纹病菌具有最强的离体抑制活性,处理后96 h的抑制率达到100%。分别对八角茴香和博落回提取物进行毒力测定,八角茴香提取物EC 50为0.2650 g·L-1,小于博落回的提取物的EC 50值。八角茴香提取物中的主要抑菌成分为反式茴香脑,反式茴香脑供试浓度为1 g·L-1,处理后96 h离体抑制率为100%。同时在不同浓度反式茴香脑处理下,菌丝体内可溶性蛋白、丙酮酸、还原糖的含量随着其浓度升高而持续降低。表明在离体培养条件下八角茴香提取物及反式茴香脑对苹果轮纹病菌有明显的抑制作用,并对菌丝体物质代谢产生显著影响。[结论]该研究可为开发以反式茴香脑为原材料的植物源杀菌剂以及病害绿色防控提供一定理论依据。

[Objective]The purpose of present study was to screen and select plant species which possess the inhibitory activity against apple ring rot(Botryosphaeria spp.)disease,and to clarify the potential mechanism of inhibition activity of trans-Anethole on Botryosphaeria and to develop novel botanical fungicides against Botryosphaeria.[Methods]The mycelial growth rate method was used to determine the inhibitory effects of both extracts of 17 plants and trans-Anethole against Botryosphaeria.The effects of trans-Anethole on the soluble protein,pyruvate,and reducing sugar of the mycelium were studied using spectrophotometry.[Results]When,crude extracts of Illicium verum and Macleaya cordata exhibited strong inhibitory activity against Botryosphaeria at the concentration at 2 g·L-1 and the inhibition rate reached 100%after 96 h post treatment.The virulence determination of Illicium verum and Macleaya cordata extracts was carried out,Illiciumverum extract showed stronger inhibitory effect than that of Macleaya cordata on the Botryosphaeria with EC 50 at 0.2650 g·L-1.The main antifungal component in the extract of Illicium verum was determined as trans-Anethole.When the concentration of trans-Anethole was 1 g·L-1,the in vitro inhibition rate was 100%after 96 h post-treatment.When mycelium was treated with trans-Anetholeat different concentrations,the content of soluble protein,pyruvate and reducing sugar in mycelium were steadily decreased with the increase of the concentration of trans-Anethole.Results indicated that Illicium verum extract and trans-Anethole possess significantly inhibitory effects against Botryosphaeria under in vitro conditions,and have significant effects on the content of mycelial primary metabolites.[Conclusion]This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of plant-derived fungicides using trans-Anethole as raw materials and for the green control strategy against diseases.