土壤调理剂对砖红壤性质及空心菜的影响

Effects of a soil conditioner on the chemical characteristics of latosol soil and the yield and quality of water spinach

[目的]农田土壤酸化已成为制约农业发展的全球性问题,在强降雨淋溶地区尤为严重。为探讨土壤调理剂在砖红壤上蔬菜生产中调节酸度应用的可能性,以期确定土壤调理剂改良酸化砖红壤的合理用量。[方法]采用田间小区试验,研究不同施用量土壤调理剂对土壤pH值、硅铝率等性质、空心菜产量及品质的影响。[结果]土壤调理剂用量为1200~1800 kg·hm-2时,土壤pH值在施用初期比对照增加0.14~0.58,硅铝率增加0.06~0.20;空心菜总产量增加2.92%~6.98%。[结论]在砖红壤上施用土壤调理剂可以提高土壤pH值和硅铝率,提高了空心菜产量;土壤调理剂的施用也增加了空心菜硝酸盐含量。研究发现,土壤调理剂施用后一段时期存在返酸现象。综合比较不同用量土壤调理剂对砖红壤pH值等及蔬菜质量的影响,施用量为1200 kg·hm-2时表现最佳。

[Objective]Soil acidification of farmland has become a global problem which restrict the development of agriculture,particularly in eluvial zones and the areas with heavy precipitation.This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a soil amendment on the improvement of vegetable production in the latosol soil and to determine the optimal application rate of soil conditioner for soil amelioration.[Methods]A field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of the soil amendment on pH value and silica-alumina ratio of the soil,and on the yield and quality of water spinach planted in the mentioned field.[Results]The results indicated that the soil pH value and silica-alumina ratio were increased by 0.14~0.58 and 0.06~0.20,respectively,by adding soil conditioner,and the total yield of water spinach was also increased by 2.92%~6.98%at the initial stage of the soil amendment compared to the control group when the application rates were ranged between 1200 and 1800 kg·hm-2.[Conclusion]The soil amendment significantly increased the soil pH and silica-alumina ratio,improved the yield and quality of water spinach,and also increased the nitrate content in water spinach.The results also indicated that the benefits of soil conditioner was start to lose in three months after application.The optimal application rate of soil amendment was determined as 1200 kg·hm-2 which produced the higher benefits on soil pH and other soil properties in latosol area as well as on the yield and quality of vegetables.