析西班牙语国家汉语学习者“了”的偏误原因

Analyzing the causes of the le errors of Chinese learners in Spanish countries

西班牙语为母语的汉语学习者常将"了"理解为表示过去的时态标记。从五本国内通行的西班牙语教材中统计出的例句看,"了"在西班牙语中大致可对应一般现在时、简单过去时、过去完成时、过去未完成时和现在完成时五种时态。69.5%的例句被翻译成与过去相关的时态,其中简单过去时占41.1%。"了1"优先被翻译成简单过去时(55.69%),"了2"更多被翻译成一般现在时(84.06%)。母语的影响是西班牙语国家汉语学习者形成"了"的偏误的主要原因。

Spanish-speaking Chinese learners often interpret le as a sign of the past tense.From the examples of five domestic Spanish textbooks,le can be translated into Spanish present tense,simple past tense,past perfect tense,past imperfect tense and present perfect tense.69.5%of the examples are translated into tense related to the past,with the simple past tense accounting for 41.1%.The le1 is translated as a priority into the simple past tense(55.69%),le2 is more translated into the present tense(84.06%).The influence of the mother tongue is the main reason for the le errors of the Spanish-speaking Chinese learners.