试论自我意识哲学的发展及其对马克思道德批判思想的影响

The Development of the Philosophy of Self-consciousness and its Influence on Marx’s Thought of Moral Criticism

自我意识哲学的早期发展是通过伊壁鸠鲁派、斯多亚派和怀疑派的哲学思考形态而得以体现的。伊壁鸠鲁哲学的感性直观、斯多亚派的理性沉思与怀疑派的反思性探究构成了自我意识哲学思维的基本环节。它为马克思形成对资本主义的道德批判奠定了重要的思维格局与思想基础。它们深刻地反映了马克思道德批判所具有的感性直观与理性探究的思维张力。随着历史唯物主义语境的逐步显露,马克思对资本主义的道德批判最终实现了现实性回归,这也在最终意义上完成了自我意识哲学思维路向的悬置性回归。

The early development of the philosophy of self-consciousness is embodied through the philosophical thinking patterns of epicureans,stoics and sceptics.The perceptual intuition of Epicurus philosophy,the rational meditation of stoics and the reflective inquiry of skepticism constitute the basic link of philosophical thinking of self-consciousness.It laid an important thinking pattern and ideological foundation for Marx to form the moral criticism of capitalism.They accurately reflect the perceptual intuition and the thinking tension of rational inquiry of Marx s moral criticism.With the deepening of historical materialism context,Marx s moral criticism of capitalism finally realized the realistic return.This also completes the suspension regression of the way of philosophical thinking of self-consciousness in the final sense.