基于尺寸预测的激光立体成形30CrNi2MoVA工艺参数研究

Research on Process Parameters of Laser Solid-formed 30CrNi2MoVA Steel Based on the Size Prediction

30CrNi2MoVA钢广泛应用于兵器装备制造行业,采用该材料进行激光立体成形工艺研究。通过回归正交设计方法,结合同轴电荷耦合元件相机对熔池形貌实时监测,选用指数型回归模型得到了激光立体成形主要工艺参数对30CrNi2MoVA钢单道熔覆尺寸的影响规律,明确了影响熔覆层宽度和高度的显著性因素及相应回归方程。光斑直径、激光功率和扫描速率显著影响熔覆层宽度,熔覆层宽度同光斑直径和激光功率呈正相关而同扫描速率呈负相关;扫描速率和送粉率显著影响熔覆层高度,熔覆层高度同扫描速率呈负相关,同送粉率呈正相关。实验验证结果表明:该成形尺寸预测模型准确。基于熔覆层宽高比预测值确定了在3.5 mm光斑直径下成形30CrNi2MoVA钢的工艺参数选择范围,激光功率应处于1300~3000 W之间,送粉率在0.7~2.5 r/min之间,扫描速率在5~12 mm/s之间。

30CrNi2MoVA steel is widely used in the ordnance equipment manufacturing industry,we have researched the laser solid forming(LSF)technology with this material.The influence of main process parameters on the sizes of deposed layers is analyzed by using regression orthogonal design method through the real-time monitoring of molten bath.The main influence factors and size values of deposed layers,and the regression equation are achieved.Spot diameter,laser power and scanning velocity have obvious effects on the deposed layer width.The width of deposed layer is positively correlated with spot diameter and laser power,but it s negatively correlated with scanning velocity.The height of deposed layer is obviously affected by scanning velocity and powder feed rate.The height of deposed layer is positively correlated with powder feed rate,but it s negatively correlated with scanning velocity.Experimental results show that the forming dimension prediction model is used to accurately predict the forming size value.The select range of process parameters range of LSF 30CrNi2MoVA steel is determined from the aspect ratio of deposed layer.When the spot diameter is 3.5 mm,the laser power should be 1300-3000 W,the powder feed rate should be 0.7-2.5 r/min,and the scanning velocity should be 5-12 mm/s.