南岭瑶族特色村寨的发展困境及振兴策略——基于郴州、永州瑶族特色村寨的田野调查

Development dilemma and Its revitalization strategy of Yao Nationality Characteristic Villages in Nanling Area: Based on the Field Investigation of Yao Nationality Characteristic Villages in Chenzhou and Yongzhou

民族特色村寨因其蕴含着多元价值备受各级政府和学术界的关注和重视。通过对郴州、永州等区域瑶族特色村寨日常治理的田野调查,瑶族特色村落治理在传统民居保护、非物质文化遗产活化、产业培育与融合、村落振兴与善治、提升民众幸福感、获得感等方面起着重要作用。同时,也出现了传统建筑自然损毁加快、特色产业缺乏竞争力、活态文化保护不足、村民参与及民众话语不够、村落规划与开发丧失其本来特色等困境,制约着瑶族特色村寨的可持续发展。产生这些问题的原因,既有社会结构变迁等结构性要素,也跟民族特征逐渐弱化、家园遗产失落、利益联接机制不完善有关。这些问题的解决,需要在资本与民众之间发现平衡点,建构利益联接机制,活态保护瑶族特色村寨文化,在乡村多元治理中赋予民众更多话语权。

Ethnic characteristic villages have attracted the attention of governments and academia at all levels because of their multiple values.Through the field investigation on the daily governance of yao ethnic characteristic villages in Chenzhou,Yongzhou,Yao ethnic characteristic village governance plays an important role in the protection of traditional dwellings,activation of intangible cultural heritage,industry cultivation and integration,village revitalization and good governance,and improving people’s sense of happiness and gain.At the same time,difficulties such as accelerated natural destruction of traditional buildings,lack of competitiveness of characteristic industries,insufficient protection of living culture,insufficient participation of villagers and public discourse,and loss of original characteristics of village planning and development have also restricted the sustainable development of Yao characteristic villages.The causes of these problems are not only the structural factors such as the change of social structure,but also the gradual weakening of national characteristics,the loss of home heritage,and the imperfect mechanism of interest link.To solve these problems,we need to find a balance between capital and the public,construct the interest link mechanism,protect the Yao ethnic characteristic village culture,and give the public more voice in the multi-governance of the countryside.