公平责任案件的类型化研究

Type Study of Fair Liability Cases

《民法典各分编(草案)》将《侵权责任法》第二十四条规定中的"根据实际情况"修改为"依照法律的规定",符合学界大多数学者观点。公平责任规则在司法实践中适用出现滥用、裁判标准不明等问题,草案的修改将有利于解决此类问题。但同时,这一修改会限制公平责任规则的适用,我们建议增加三种适用公平责任规则的情形:(1)机动车交通事故责任纠纷中的好意同乘类型案件;(2)生命权、健康权、身体权纠纷中的溺水死亡类型案件;(3)生命权、健康权、身体权纠纷中的意外事件案件。

"according to the actual situation" in the provisions of Article 24 of the Tort Liability Law in "The Divisions of the Civil Code(Draft)" is amended to "in accordance with the provisions of the law", which conforms to the views of most scholars in the academic circles. The revision of the draft will help to solve the problems of abuse and unclear judgment standards in the application of the rules of fair liability in judicial practice. However, at the same time, this amendment will limit the application of the rules of fair liability. We propose to add three situations where the rules of fair liability are applied.(1) case of good-faith co-riding in a dispute over liability for a motor vehicle traffic accident(2) cases of drowning death types in disputes over life right, health right and body right;(3) cases of accidents in disputes over life right, health right and body right.