从道德评价角度认识“道德绑架”

Cognizing “Moral Abduction” from the Perspective of Moral Evaluation

社会舆论中部分劝善抑恶的言论之所以变成被人诟病的“道德绑架”,是因为“道德绑架”是不恰当的道德评价。从道德评价角度来看,“道德绑架”有以下偏差:被道德评价的行为必须是受自由意志支配的,而且该行为本身具有道德意义,否则,对此行为的道德评价就是道德绑架;如果道德评价违反了善恶标准的时代性(或历史性)、阶级性(或阶层性)原则,它就是道德绑架;割裂了被评价行为整体性的道德评价是道德绑架。道德绑架的实际后果主要取决于被绑架者的内心信念,道德绑架应该被理性对待,不让“被道德绑架”成为缺德者的挡箭牌。

In public opinion,some proposals aim at promoting good and suppressing evil but turn into the criticized moral abduction because the latter is an inappropriate moral evaluation.The analysis of moral abduction from the perspective of moral evaluation may lead to the following deviation:the morally evaluated behavior must be dominated by free will and the behavior itself possesses moral significance.Otherwise,the moral evaluation of this behavior is moral abduction.And it is the same if the moral evaluation violates the principles of temporal spirit(or historical spirit)and class character(or hierarchical property)of good and evil standard in moral evaluation.The actual consequences of moral abduction depend mainly on the inner belief of the abductees.We should rationally treat moral abduction and prevent those who lack morality from using“no moral abduction”as a shield.