《庄子》双重文本建构下的孔子形象考论

On the Image of Confucius under the Construction of Dual Texts in Zhuangzi

《庄子》的文本至少由哲学与文学两个层面构成。作为哲学层面的《庄子》,其旨意主要在于宣扬庄子的道家哲学思想,故而常常以儒家为批判对象,因而孔子在作为哲学文本的《庄子》中,或化身为道家圣人,或以儒家徒身份虚心向道家人物请学而终于成为了道家徒,或以儒家代表人物身份而受到道家徒的批判和揶揄。作为文学文本的《庄子》显然虚构了一个文学的孔子形象,这个孔子形象往往因为辗转于各种复杂的人事关系之中而得到突显。作为文学文本的《庄子》所构建的孔子形象皆为彬彬有礼、谦恭好学的君子形象。之所以造成《庄子》文本中的孔子形象的分裂在于《庄子》文本用意的不同。哲学的《庄子》其目的是宣扬道家思想,故以孔子为靶的加以利用或褒扬或贬责;而文学的《庄子》是哲学《庄子》的副产品,因而孔子形象的构建反而显得自由,也可以窥见庄子潜意识里的真正的孔子形象。

The text of Zhuangzi is composed of philosophy and literature at least.As the philosophy text of zhuangzi,its purpose lies in promoting Zhuangzi's philosophy of Taoist thought,so Zhuangzi always regarded Confucianism as the object of criticism,so Confucius in the text of Zhuangzi,he was treated as Taoist saint,or as a Confucian spokesman who learned from Taoism modestly and finally became the Taoist ACTS,or as a Confucian disciple and accepted the criticism of Taoism.As a literary text,Zhuangzi obviously invented a literary image of Confucius,which was often highlighted by various complicated human relations.As a literary text,the images of Confucius in Zhuangzi were all polite,humble and studious.The reason for the split of Confucius image in the text of Zhuangzi lies in the different intention of the text of Zhuangzi.The purpose of Zhuangzi in philosophy is to promote Taoism,so Confucius was used as the target to praise or blame;The literary“Zhuangzi”is a by-product of the philosophical“Zhuangzi”,so the construction of the image of Confucius appears free,and we can also see the real Confucius in Zhuangzi's subconscious mind.