美国“域外管辖”在对外国企业法律诉讼中的运用——兼论中国企业的应对措施

Application of the U.S. Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in Legal Actions against Foreign Enterprises and the Countermeasures of Chinese Enterprises

美国借助域外管辖频繁对外国企业在美国境外的行为提起法律诉讼。"域外管辖"不是"长臂管辖",两者在主体、类型、依据等方面有所区别,但中国目前经常混用这两个概念。美国进行域外管辖有其国内法依据,但是否符合国际法仍然存在疑问。事实上,美国往往通过宽泛地解释某些概念,如国家安全来扩张其域外管辖等,且其在运用域外管辖打击外国企业的过程中形成了相对固定的司法逻辑。为应对美国过度使用域外管辖,中国企业应当在合理规避管辖权的同时,重视自身的合规建设。

The United States has been filing law suits against the foreign enterprises outside the United States through extraterritorial jurisdiction.Extraterritorial jurisdiction differs from long-arm jurisdiction in terms of subject,type,basis and so on,but these two concepts are often mixed in China.The United States exercises extraterritorial jurisdiction in accordance with its domestic law,but there are still doubts as to whether it complies with international law.In fact,the United States often expands its extraterritorial jurisdiction by broadly interpreting certain concepts such as national security,and it has developed a relatively fixed judicial logic in its use of extraterritorial jurisdiction to crack down on foreign enterprises.In order to cope with the excessive extraterritorial jurisdiction of the United States,Chinese enterprises should take reasonable actions to circumvent the jurisdiction and pay atention to their own compliance construction.