乡村振兴与人才流失：贫困县域职校学生“城市就业”的推拉效应

Rural Revitalization and Brain Drain: "Push-Pull" Effect of the "Urban Employment Behavior" of Vocational School Students from Poverty-stricken County

乡村振兴的实质是县域振兴,县域振兴的关键是人才振兴。然而,在全面推进乡村振兴的图景下,贫困地区普遍出现县域职校学生逃离县域,到城市就业的现象。基于推拉理论,这一现象产生的主要原因是县域的"推力"、城市的"拉力"以及职业学校和学生的"中间障碍因素"。在县域振兴的背景下,要驱动贫困地区县域职校学生县域就业,需要县域和县域职校双向发力,通过产业振兴增强县域就业的承载力、通过制度创新提升县域就业的汇聚力、通过制度规范确保县域就业的保障力。

The key point of rural revitalization is county revitalization.The essence of county revitalization is the revitalization of talent.However,with rural revitalization being forged in all respects,there is a common problem in southwestern ethnic poor counties.Many students from vocational schools in poor counties chose to escape from the county and flow into big cities to find jobs.Based on the Push and Pull Theory,it can be concluded that the main reasons behind the phenomenon are the push force from poor counties,the pull force from big cities and"intermediate barrier factor"from vocational schools and students.In the context of county revitalization,in order to promote the county employment of vocational school students in poor areas,it is necessary for counties and vocational schools to cooperate.They need to enhance the employment capacity of counties through industrial revitalization,raise the employment density through system innovation,and secure the employment security by improving rules and institutional norms.