仙人掌果实对奶牛泌乳性能、氮利用及采食行为的影响

Effects of cactus fruit on lactation performance,nitrogen utilization and feeding behavior of dairy cows

本研究评估了仙人掌果实与不同粗饲料结合对荷斯坦奶牛采食量、营养物质消化率、氮平衡、摄食行为和泌乳性能的影响。试验选择泌乳期为(72±11)d的8头奶牛,采用4×4拉丁试验设计,共4种试验日粮:T1组为75%青贮高粱组,T2组为75%象草组,T3组为37.5%青贮高粱+37.5%仙人掌果实,T4组为37.5%象草+37.5%仙人掌果实。结果:青贮高粱组干物质摄入量最高(P<0.05)。不同日粮组干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、非纤维碳水化合物和总可消化养分摄入量存在显著差异(P<0.05)。仙人掌果实组较青贮高粱和象草组日饮水量降低44.52%(P<0.05)。与象草组、象草+仙人掌果实组相比,青贮高粱组、青贮高粱+仙人掌果实组氮平衡降低59.71%和27.49%(P<0.05)。结论:奶牛日粮中以仙人掌果实与青贮高粱或象草的组合并没有改变荷斯坦奶牛的产奶量,但降低了营养物质和水分摄入量,同时提高了养分消化率。

This study evaluated the effects of cactus fruit combined with different forage on feed intake,nutrient digestibility,nitrogen balance,feeding behavior and lactation performance of Holstein cows.8 cows with a lactation period of 72±11 was selected,and 4×4 Latin design test was adopted.There were four experimental diets:75%sorghum silage group in T1,75%elephant grass group in T2,37.5%sorghum silage+cactus fruit in T3,37.5%elephant grass+37.5%cactus fruit in T4.Results:the dry matter intake in sorghum silage group was the highest(P<0.05).There were significant differences in dry matter,crude protein,crude fat,non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrient intakes among the different diets(P<0.05).The daily water intake of cactus fruit group was 44.52%lower than that of sorghum silage and elephant grass group(s P<0.05).Compared with elephant grass group and elephant grass+cactus fruit group,the nitrogen balance of sorghum silage group and silage sorghum+cactus fruit group decreased by 59.71%and 27.49%(P<0.05).Conclusion:the combination of cactus fruit and sorghum silage or elephant grass did not change the milk yield of Holstein cows,but reduced nutrient and water intake and increased nutrient digestibility.