美国现代环保运动公众参与机制及启示

The Enlightenment and Mechanism of Public Participation in Modern US Environmental Movement

20世纪60年代,面对日益恶化的环境问题,美国民众掀起了一场大规模的环境保护运动,历史上称为现代环保运动。这场自下而上的社会运动推动了美国环境保护基本体系的确立,但并没有从根本上扭转美国的环境形势。总体而言,美国公众参与环保运动最突出的特点是多样性和社会性,即参与主体的多样性、参与方式的多样性以及参与主题的社会性。我国环境保护应该以史为鉴,调动多元社会主体参与环境事务,构建以“政府为主导,公众为主体”的环境治理体系。

In the 1960s,the American public concerned with the increasingly deteriorating environment,gradually awakened and launched a mass social movement throughout the country,historically known as modern environmental movement.Though failed to avert the environmental crisis fundamentally,this bottom-up grassroots movement has helped establish environmental management system in US.Generally,there are two major characteristics of American public participation,including diversity of participating subjects and modes as well as social integration of environmental themes.In China,we ought to mobilize the pluralistic public to participate actively in environmental protection and striveto build an environmental management system with the government as the leader and the general public as the mainstay.