核电站计算机化规程设计的人因工程要求

Human Factors Engineering Requirements for the Design of Computerized Procedure Systems in Nuclear Power Plants

在复杂的安全重要系统中,需使用规程支持人员任务,以减少失误并提高系统安全。在核电行业,随着数字化技术的发展,许多计算机化规程系统得到了开发和应用,可以支持操纵员进行信息搜集、判断决策和规程执行。在此基础上,IEEE1786、IEC62646和NUREG—0700等相关的人因工程标准导则对计算机化规程的设计和评审进行了规范。本研究调研了计算机化规程系统的设计和应用情况,从规程的呈现、规程步骤的标记、规程的管理、系统参数显示、参数监视与任务支持以及系统控制等方面进行了总结。在此基础上综述了相关标准导则的条款,并对计算机化规程的设计要求和一般设计原则进行了讨论。本研究希望通过总结相关信息,探讨计算机化规程人机接口设计的实践经验和人因工程要求,为设计和评估人员提供参考。

Procedures are necessary for the support of human tasks in complex safetycritical systems.They can reduce human error and improve system safety.In nuclear industry,many computerized procedure systems were developed and applied in nuclear power plants alongside the improvement of digital technology.They could support the information searching,decision making,and procedure executing of the operators.Based on these applications,standards and guidelines corresponding to the human factors aspects of computerized procedures were published,such as IEEE 1786,IEC 62646,and NUREG—0700.This study first reviews the design of some computerized procedure systems from the aspects of procedure display,step marking,procedure management,parameter display,parameter monitoring,task support and system control.It then summarizes the clauses in the related standards,and finally discusses the human factors engineering requirements and general design principles for developing computerized procedures.By exploring the human-system interaction design and human factors engineering requirements of computerized procedure systems,this study wishes to provide some advice for the design and evaluation of the system.