试论引力对光传播的影响

Comment on the Influence of Gravity on Light Propagation

引力对光传播的影响,是一个重要的科学问题,但Newton并未作过论述。广义相对论(GR)认为引力会改变光的方向、速度和频率。本文对有关研究的历史和现状作了评述,提出了一些与经典理论观点不同的看法。例如根据GR,光线经过太阳表面附近时将弯曲,我们认为这或许可能,终归可能性不大。这意味着1919年的Eddington实验也许是错的——或者弯曲并不存在,或者它不是由引力场所造成。另外本文特别指出,引力势概念在理论上和实际上并非那么重要,因为它缺乏实验基础。这与电磁学中的情况不同。因此,我们重新考虑Einstein(在1911年)和Franson(在2014年)的论文,他们预期光速将因引力势而变慢。我们知道Maxwell方程组是基于若干实验定律而建立的,故电磁势有很大意义。然而类电磁引力场方程组不满足这个条件,因而引力势的影响力并非由事实所支持。1987年的SN1987A超新星事件并不能作为Franson理论的证据。

The influence of gravity on light propagation is an important problem in scientific study,but Newton did not discuss it.The general relativity(GR)believes that the gravity can change the direction、velocity and frequency of light.In this paper,we comment on the history and the present condition of this situation,and give some different viewpoints from the classical theory.For example,according to the GR,the light must bend when it passes near the surface of sun.We consider this event may be possible,though not probable.It means the experiment in 1919 by Eddington probably was wrong——either the bend does not exist or it is not caused by the gravitational field.In addition,it is especially pointed out in this paper that the concept of gravitational potential is not so important in theory and in practice,because it lacks experimental foundation.This is different from the situation in electromagnetics.Therefore,we re-consider the articles of Einstein in 1911 and Franson in 2014 that they predicated that the light speed reduce by the gravitational potential.We know that the Maxwell equations are based on several experimental laws,so the meaning of electromagnetic potential is very great.But the electromagnetics-like gravitational field equations do not satisfy this condition,and then the influence of gravitational potential is not supported by facts.The event of Supernova SN1987A in 1987 can t serve as evidence for Franson s theory.