广义相对论引力场方程耦合系数的修改及分形宇宙的实现

Modify the Coupling Constant in Field Equation of General Relativity and Turn Out Fractal Universe

在广义相对论的框架内解决星系的形成和演化问题。首先纠正了因席瓦西度规坐标意义的长期不清带来的混乱,确定了用通常坐标表示的球对称静态引力场的度规张量。重新给出光线在太阳表面弯曲及水星轨道进动角的计算公式,然后把爱因斯坦引力场方程的耦合系数由-8πG修改为现在的4πG.这是一个实质性的修改,显示所谓的暗物质及暗能量不存在,从理论上证明了时空是无限的,宇宙的膨胀和收缩循环往复,不存在密度无限大和温度无限大的大爆炸奇点,在膨胀和收缩过程中宇宙的密度始终保持不变。证明了星系和天体随着宇宙的膨胀逐渐增长,新的物质或能量在天体内连续生成,一个星系是一个分形,迭代关系为哈勃膨胀。如地球的半径正在以每年0.5毫米的速度扩大,质量相应增加一万二千亿吨,银河系盘的半径正在以每秒900米的速度扩大,日地距离正在以每年9米的速度增加。潮汐使月地距离每年增大仅1厘米,其余的为宇宙膨胀效应。证明了天体的温度正在逐渐升高,行星最终演变成恒星,如地表温度正在以每亿年5.2°C的速度增高,太阳在10亿年前的亮度是今天的一半。

In the framework of general relativity,systematically solve the problem of galaxy formation and cosmological puzzles without the introduction of dark matter and dark energy.The coupling constant in Einstein’s gravitational field equation is first modified from-8πG to 4πG,which is an essential modification to the field equation and opens up a new direction of research in cosmology and astrophysics.The modification shows that so-called dark matter and dark energy don’t exist,space-time is infinite,its expansion and contraction are cyclic,and the singular point of big bang is eliminated.New matter is proved continuously generating in celestial bodies,the formation of galaxies lies in the continuous growth in the course of universal expansion and not the gather of existing matter.As example,the radius of the earth expands 0.5mm per year,the mass increases by 1.2 trillion tons,the acceleration of surface gravity increases by 10%a year,the radius of the galactic disk expands at a speed of 900m per second,the distance between the sun and the earth increases at a rate of 9 meters per year,the distance between the moon and the earth increases by 2.8 centimeters a year due to the expansion of space,and the moon retreats only one centimeter due to tidal dissipation.The expansion of the planet orbit and the increase of the mass of the celestial body are the result of the expansion force of time-space,and are not so-called out of nowhere.It is proved that the temperature of celestial bodies is gradually rising,and stars are gradually evolved from planets.For example,the surface temperature rises by 5.2 degrees 100 million years,and the brightness of the sun today is twice as bright as it was 1 billion years ago.