气象因子与黔中水稻灌浆速度及千粒重相关性分析

Analysis on Correlation between Meteorological Factors and Rice Filling Speed and 1000-grain Weight in Central Guizhou

【目的】研究黔中地区气象因子与水稻灌浆速度及千粒重的相关性。【方法】利用2013—2017年水稻灌浆-成熟期逐日气象数据(风速、降水、气温、日照时数、相对湿度、蒸发量)与灌浆速度、千粒重数据,通过倾向变化率分析潜在蒸散量、灌浆速度、千粒重变化特征;借助RDA探讨气象因子与产量要素的相关性,进一步得出水稻灌浆-成熟期温度适宜度。【结果】2013—2017年,黔中地区仅2016年水稻灌浆-成熟期日均潜在蒸散量有增长趋势;2013、2014、2017年,水稻灌浆速度曲线为单“峰”型,2015年为双“峰”型,2016年为“平抛”型;2013—2017年水稻千粒重为弱变异。【结论】蒙特卡洛分析表明,气象因子与灌浆速度表现为正相关,与千粒重变化呈负相关,最低温度是影响水稻灌浆-成熟产量因素的关键因子;2013—2017年,水稻灌浆-成熟期温度适宜度在0.86~0.98之间,生长发育所需热量充裕。

【Objective】The study was to analyze the correlation between meteorological factors and rice grain filling speed and 1000-grain weight in central Guizhou Province.【Method】Based on the daily meteorological data(wind speed,precipitation,temperature,sunshine duration,relative humidity and evaporation),grouting speed and 1000-grain weight in rice grouting maturity period from 2013 to 2017,the variation characteristics of potential evapotranspiration,grouting speed and 1000-grain weight were analyzed through the trend change rate.With the help of RDA,the correlation between meteorological factors and yield factors was discussed to further obtain the temperature suitability of rice during grain filling-maturity period.【Result】The results showed that only in 2016,the average daily potential evapotranspiration showed an increasing trend during the rice grain filling-maturity period.The rice grouting speed curve was single“peak”type in 2013,2014 and 2017,double“peak”type in 2015,and flat casting type in 2016.From 2013 to 2017,the 1000-grain weight of rice showed weak variation.【Conclusion】Monte Carlo Test showed that meteorological factors were positively correlated with grouting speed,and negatively correlated with the change of 1000-grain weight.The lowest temperature was the key factor affecting the grain filling-maturity yield of rice.From 2013 to 2017,the optimum temperature for rice during grout to maturity period was between 0.86-0.98,which required abundant heat for growth and development.