化肥配施土壤改良剂对双季稻产量、经济效益及土壤化学性质的影响

Effects of Application of Chemical Fertilizer with Soil Amendment on Grain Yield and Economic Benefit of Double Cropping Rice and Soil Chemical Properties

【目的】施用土壤改良剂是我国南方红壤酸性稻田土壤改良的主要方法,研究化肥配施土壤改良剂对双季稻产量、经济效益及土壤化学性质的影响,旨在为我国南方红壤酸性稻田改良及合理施肥提供理论基础和数据支撑。【方法】以水稻品种中嘉早17和H优518为早稻、晚稻供试材料,通过大田试验,研究化肥配施不同用量(150、300、450、600 kg/hm2)土壤改良剂对红壤酸性稻田土壤pH值、土壤有效氮磷钾养分、土壤CEC、水稻产量及其构成因素和经济效益的影响。【结果】增施土壤改良剂有利于提高红壤酸性稻田土壤pH和CEC,而对土壤有效氮磷钾养分含量的影响不大。常量施肥条件下,增施土壤改良剂对早稻产量无显著影响,但显著提高了晚稻产量,与单施化肥处理相比增幅为4.0%~5.6%。减施25%化肥条件下,随着土壤改良剂用量增加,早、晚稻产量均呈增加的趋势,但处理间无显著差异。从水稻净收益和产投比来看,早稻减施25%化肥和晚稻常量施肥分别配施150 kg/hm2土壤改良剂有利于提高周年水稻种植的经济效益。【结论】化肥配施土壤改良剂对我国南方红壤稻田酸化改良有一定效果,而且在一定程度上增加了水稻产量和经济效益。

【Objective】The application of soil amendment was the main method for soil improvement in acid red soil rice fields in southern China.The effects of chemical fertilizers with soil amendments on yield and economic benefits of double-season rice and soil chemical properties were studied to provide theoretical basis and data support for the improvement of acid red soil rice fields and rational application of fertilizer in southern China.And rational fertilization provides theoretical basis and data support.【Method】Zhongjiazao 17 and H You 518 were used as experimental materials to study the effects of chemical fertilizers with four levels of soil amendments(150,300,450 and 600 kg/hm2)on soil pH,available NPK nutrients,soil CEC,grain yield and its components and economic benefits of double cropping rice in acid red soil paddy fields.【Result】Application of soil amendments could improve the soil pH and CEC of acid red soil paddy field,but had little effect on the content of available N,P and K in soil.Under the condition of conventional fertilization,the treatments with soil amendments had no significant effect on the grain yield of early rice,but significantly increased the grain yield of late rice,with an increase by 4.0%-5.6%compared with the treatment without soil amendments.The yields of early and late rice showed an increasing trend with the increase of the application amount of soil amendments,but there was no significant difference between treatments under the condition of reducing fertilizer application by 25%.From the perspectives of the net profit and output to investment ratio of rice,reducing the application of chemical fertilizer by 25%in early rice and conventional fertilization in late rice with 150 kg/hm2 soil amendment,respectively,were conducive to improving the economic benefits of annual rice planting.【Conclusion】The combination of chemical fertilizers and soil amendments has certain improvement effects on acidification of red soil in southern China,and it can increase rice yield and economic benefits to some extent.