太原市公园植物群落稳定性研究

A Study of Plant Community Stability in Taiyuan Parks

为考察城市公园植物群落稳定性与植被特征的相关性,筛选太原市15个有代表性的公园,设定筛选46个典型样方后,采用M-Godron稳定性测定方法,对所选样方进行稳定性研究。所得稳定性结果与太原市实际情况基本相符,表明所选择的稳定性计算方法可行。可以看出稳定性与群落物种丰富度关系较为密切,稳定性高的样方,其物种丰富度也较高,反之也成立。两者的变化趋势基本一致。而稳定性较高的样方内,灌木与乔木的比值接近6:1;稳定性差的样方内,灌木与乔木的比值则远离6:1。较稳定的19号(学府公园)与27号(太原森林公园),这两个样方内植物群落都具有乔、灌、草结构,物种丰富,各层植物种类多样,平面布局密度合理。较不稳定25号(西海子公园)和38号(玉泉山森林公园)样方,群落空间结构只有乔木和草本两层,缺乏灌木层,群落丰富度较差,乔灌比例严重失调,同时游人干扰多,养护频率低,群整体稳定性较低。总之,为确保城市公园绿地群落的稳定性,除了植物群落自身发展演变之外,还需要适度的、合理的人工管理养护。

15 representative parks and 46 typical quadrats were selected from Taiyuan city.M-Godron method was used to determine the stability of selected quadrats.The result of stability was basically consistent with the actual status of Taiyuan city,which showed that the selected stability calculation method was feasible.It could be seen from the results that the stability was closely related to the species richness of the community.The plot with higher stability had higher species richness,and vice versa.The change patterns of both were basically identical.The ratio of shrubs to trees was close to 6:1 in the plots with higher stability,but the ratio was far away from 6:1 in the plots with lower stability.No.19(Xuefu park)and No.27(Taiyuan forest park)were relatively stable.The plant communities in these two plots were trees,shrubs and grasses,with richer species,with abundant plant species in each layer and reasonable density of plane layout.The community spatial structure of No.25(Xihaizi park)and No.38(Yuquanshan forest park)quadrats was only trees and herbs,and lacked shrub layer,with lower community richness,serious imbalance of trees and shrubs ratio,higher disturbance of tourists,lower maintenance frequency,lower overall stability of the plots.In summary,in order to ensure the stability of urban park green space community,besides the development and evolution of plant community,appropriate and reasonable artificial management and maintenance were also needed.