长大初产母猪背膘厚度对繁殖性能的影响

Effect of backfat thickness on reproductive performance in Landrace × Yorkshire gilt

为探讨集约化、规模化的饲养管理模式下初产长大母猪妊娠期不同阶段背膘厚度对繁殖性能的影响,选取522头体质量相近的长大后备母猪,在第2次发情时进行配种,跟踪测定其配种当天、妊娠30、60、90、110 d时的背膘厚度,并对其总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、弱仔数、死胎数、初生窝质量、初生个体平均质量等繁殖性能数据进行统计。结果显示:长大初产母猪妊娠60 d之前保持16~18 mm中等膘情,妊娠60 d之后维持18~20 mm适度膘情对当胎繁殖性能有明显的促进作用;长大初产母猪全妊娠期背膘增长厚度>6 mm时总产仔数、健仔数均显著低于背膘增长厚度<2 mm、2~4 mm和4~6 mm的妊娠母猪,背膘增长厚度在2~4 mm时提供的健仔数最多,为(10.96±2.02)头,且初生窝质量最大;妊娠110 d背膘厚度和全妊娠期背膘增长厚度与当胎总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数均呈显著负相关关系。综上表明,在实际生产中按照膘情制定差异化饲养方案,使初产母猪在妊娠60 d之前背膘厚度保持在16~18 mm,妊娠60 d之后背膘厚度达到18~20 mm,同时控制好整个妊娠期的饲喂量,避免全妊娠期背膘厚度增长过多(>6 mm),可使初产母猪获得最大生产力。

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of backfat thickness(BF)on reproduction performance in Landrace×Yorkshire primiparous sow at different gestation stages under intensive and large-scale feeding management mode.A total of 522 Landrace×Yorkshire primiparous sows with similar weight were selected and bred during the second estrus.The thickness of back fat was measured on the day of insemination,30,60,90,and 110 days after insemination(dai).Then,reproductive performance data such as total number of born(TNB),number of born alive(NBA),number of healthy born(NHB),number of weak born(NWB),number of stillbirths(NS),litter weight at birth(LWB),weight per piglet(WPP)was recorded.The results showed that maintaining 16-18 mm BF before 60 dai and 18-20 mm BF after 60 dai had a significant role in promoting reproductive performance in Landrace×Yorkshire primiparous sow.When the thickness of BF was>6 mm during the whole gestation period,TNB and NHB were significantly lower than that of pregnant sows with BF<2 mm,2-4 mm and 4-6 mm.When the BF was 2-4 mm,NHB was the highest(10.96±2.02),and LWB was the largest.The BF thickness at 110 dai and its growth during the whole pregnancy were negatively correlated with TNB,NBA,and NHB(P<0.05).Taken together,in actual production,the BF should be maintained at 16-18 mm before 60 dai and 18-20 mm after 60 dai by differentiated feeding program according to BF condition and avoid excessive growth of BF thicker than 6 mm by controlling the feeding volume during the whole gestation,so as to achieve the maximum productivity of the primiparous sows.