生物钟对哺乳动物生理代谢、繁殖和肠道菌群影响的研究进展

Effects of Circadian Clock on Mammalian Reproduction and Gut Microbiota

进化过程中生物钟通过将合成代谢和分解代谢两种代谢过程进行时间上的分离,优化代谢效率;同时使动物机体的代谢循环与睡眠/活动循环同步,维持基本的代谢节律。哺乳动物的繁殖性能主要受到下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的调控。下丘脑视交叉神经上核的主生物钟能够产生自发性振荡并且感受光周期的变化,引发褪黑素分泌的变化。褪黑素(MT)作为一种重要的节律调节因子和生殖激素,介导下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴各部分激素的节律性变化,进而调控哺乳动物繁殖性能。同时肠道菌群的变化作为一种繁殖障碍的反映逐渐引起人们的关注。本文将重点阐述昼夜节律对宿主能量代谢、繁殖性能以及肠道菌群之间的相互作用,主要包括中枢生物钟视交叉神经上核(SCN)通过褪黑素介导的下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴各部分激素的节律性变化,进而调控哺乳动物的繁殖节律。

The circadian clock directs many aspects of metabolism,to separate in time opposing metabolic pathways and optimize metabolic efficiency。The reproductive performance of mammals is mainly regulated by the hypothalamus-pituitarygonad axis(HPG)。The circadian clock of the suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN)in the hypothalamus of mammals can produce diurnal oscillations and sense changes in the photoperiod,triggering changes in melatonin secretion。Melatonin as an important rhythm regulator and reproductive hormone,mediates the rhythmic changes of hormones in the hypothalamuspituitary-gonad axis(HPG)and regulates the reproductive performance of mammals.At the same time,the change of gut microbiota as a response to reproductive dysfunction has gradually attracted people's attention.We will focus on the interaction between circadian rhythm and host energy metabolism,reproductive performance and intestinal flora,mainly including the rhythmic changes of hormones in various parts of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis mediated by melatonin in the central biological clock SCN,so as to regulate the rhythm of mammalian reproduction.