家犬基因组及表型特征的遗传研究进展

Genomic and Phenotypic Characteristics of Dog

犬具有丰富的遗传多样性,犬、人和鼠3种生物的基因组分析发现,犬与人、鼠的保守性非常高。犬的特殊群体结构使其成为研究形态、行为等多样性、哺乳动物进化遗传基础和疾病的良好模型。本文就家犬起源进化、基因组结构、犬表型特征的遗传变异、基因定位等研究进展做一综述,以期为犬遗传育种研究提供理论基础,并为人类疾病的预防、诊断和治疗提供新的思路与方法。

Dogs represent such a rich potential resource to further the understanding of diseases and genetic traits.Comparing the genomes of three species of canine,human,and rat in terms of genome analysis,we found that dogs are highly conservative with humans and rats.The special population structure of dogs makes it a good model for studying the diversity of morphology and behavior,the genetic basis of mammalian evolution,and diseases.This article gives a brief review of recent advances in domestic dog origin and evolution,genomic structure,genetic variation in dog phenotypic characteristics,and gene mapping.These research results are expected to provide a better theoretical basis for canine genetic breeding research and provide new ideas and methods for the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of human diseases.