马克思科学无神论思想的真理之维

The Dimension of Truth in Marx’s Scientific Atheism

无神论思想是马克思哲学思想中的重要组成部分,我们在理论研究上可以将马克思对宗教的理论态度定位为科学的无神论,但不能将其“科学”视为自然科学或数学意义上的科学,而应把握为超越科学的真理性维度。因为在马克思的无神论思想中蕴含着理性对于知性、辩证法对于形而上学的思维方式上的超越与变革,这就决定了它的内涵已超出了“科学”而达到了“真理”无神论的理论层次。自西方近代以来,18世纪的法国无神论是仅就宗教表象进行批判的,应隶属于知性的科学无神论;马克思的无神论立足于宗教的实践“内容”,是辩证思维层次上的真理无神论。

The thought of atheism is an important part of Marx’s philosophy.We can position Marx’s theoreti⁃cal attitude toward religion as scientific atheism in theoretical research,but cannot regard such“science”as science in natural or mathematical sense of science.However,we should take it as the truth dimension beyond science,because Marx’s atheism thought contains the transcendence and transformation of reason to under⁃standing and dialectics to metaphysics,which determines that its connotation has gone beyond“science”and reached the theoretical level of“truth”atheism.Since the western modern times,the atheism from France in the 18th century only criticized the religious appearance and should be subordinate to the intellectual scientif⁃ic atheism.Marx’s atheism,based on the practical“content”of religion,is the truth atheism on the level of di⁃alectical thinking.