《民法典·继承编》：制度补益与规范精进

The Succession Series of the Civil Code:System Supplement and Standard Refinement

《民法典·继承编(草案)》既有立法理念更新、制度规范完善的优势,也有立法思路积习、立法欠缺依然的遗憾。为完善《民法典·继承编(草案)》,应注重制度补益与规范精进。前者在于弥补立法盲点——增加遗嘱执行人及遗产清单制度,强化配套措施——规定遗产的临时保管、遗产管理人的辞任与解任、共同遗产管理人及禁止遗产分割的保全请求权;后者在于秉持立法传统——完善遗产范围及法定继承顺序,澄清立法歧义——规定口头遗嘱的形式要件及继承扶养协议。技术理性与价值理性的统一、权益保障与秩序稳定的实现、继承观念与继承文化的引领,应成为《民法典·继承编》编纂的价值追求。

The Succession Series of the Civil Code(Draft)has the advantages of the renewal of the legislative concepts and the perfection of institutional norms,as well as the disadvantages of legislative thinking following an old routine and the deficiencies in legislation.In order to perfect the draft,we shall lay stress on its system supplement and standard refinement.The former lies in supplementing the legislative blind spots--adding the systems of executor and heritage list,and strengthening the supporting measures--stipulating the temporary custody of estates,the resignation and dismission of the legacy caretaker,co-administrator of legacy and the right of claim for preservation prohibiting the division of heritage.The latter lies in adhering to legislative tradi⁃tion--perfecting the heritage scope and the legal succession order,and clarifying legislative ambiguity--spec⁃ifying the formal elements of oral will and the inheritance and maintenance agreement.The value pursuit of codification of the Succession Series of the Civil Code shall involve the unification of technical reason and value rationality,the realization of protection of rights and interests and the order stability,and the guide of succes⁃sion concepts and culture.