“传统”“民间”的化用与创造——论莫言新作《锦衣》《故乡人事》的美学追求

The Application and Creation of “Tradition” and “Folk”——On aesthetic pursuit of MO Yan’s “Brocade Clothing” and “People and Things in Hometown”

莫言新作《锦衣》《故乡人事》是其创作固有的对传统的创造性发挥,既深深根植于中国传统之中,又融入了莫言个人的创造性。《锦衣》是对传统戏曲美学趣味的亲和,同时又加入了莫言个性的点睛之笔,融入了现代体验。丑角王婆、王豹的充分表演是对传统戏曲的改造。王豹的性格塑造则是对鲁迅“改造国民性”的承续。王豹的性格具有阿Q性格的一面:卑怯。王豹的革命类似阿Q革命。《故乡人事》是莫言的“笔记体”小说,有传统“笔记体”的意味,近似蒲松龄的《聊斋志异》对奇人异事的记录,也在神韵上沟通了魔幻现实主义;同时融合了鲁迅短篇小说的笔法和神韵,注重白描,更注重人物内心状态,直抵人物内心深处,传统与现代高度融合。

MO Yan’s new works,“Brocade Clothing”and“People and Things in Hometown”,are the creation to the tradition as his style,which is deeply rooted in the Chinese tradition and blended into his personal cre⁃ativity.“Brocade Clothing”is an affinity to the aesthetic taste of traditional opera.Meanwhile,it adds MO Yan’s personal touch with the integration of modern experience.The full performance of the clowns,WANG Po and WANG Bao is the transformation of the traditional opera.WANG Bao’s character is a continuation of LU Xun’s“reforming the national spirit”.WANG Bao was as cowardly as AH Q.His revolution was similar to Ah Q’s.“People and Things in Hometown”by MO Yan is a kind of“note-taking”novel as traditional“notetaking”.It is similar to PU Song-ling’s Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio,which records strange people and strange events,and also conveys magic realism in charm.At the same time,the style and verve in LU Xun’s short stories are integrated with the emphasis of line drawing,which can touch the inner state of the charac⁃ters.The tradition and modern on literary style are highly integrated.