超声造影在动脉粥样硬化诊断中的研究进展

Research Progress of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Atherosclerotic Diseases

动脉粥样硬化(As)是大、中动脉血管内膜脂质沉积和炎症反应不断循环往复的病变结果。其中,外膜滋养血管的增殖、斑块内炎症细胞的聚集、各种炎症因子的高表达及血管新生化程度是引起斑块易损、破裂的主要原因,而破裂后形成的血栓是引起急性心脑血管事件的关键。目前,超声造影被认为是评价血管外膜滋养血管和斑块内新生血管分布密度的金标准。近年来超声造影剂的快速研发及分子成像技术的飞速发展,打破了造影剂脉管显像的局限性,为血池外靶组织在分子水平进行超声成像提供了可能,未来应进一步探索超声造影技术在As诊断方面的应用。

Atherosclerosis(As)is the result of continuous reciprocal lesions of the lipid deposits and inflammatory reaction in the intima of the large and middle arteries.The proliferation of the outer membrane nourishing blood vessels,the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the plaque,the high expression of various inflammatory factors,and the degree of angiogenesis are the main causes of plaque vulnerability and rupture.The thrombus formed after rupture is the key to causing acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.At present,contrast-enhanced ultrasound is considered to be the gold standard for evaluating the distribution density of neovascularization in the adventitial nourishing blood vessels and plaques.In recent years,the rapid development of ultrasound contrast agents and molecular imaging technology have broken the limitations of contrast agent angiography,and provided the possibility for ultrasound imaging of target tissues outside the blood pool at the molecular level.In the future,the application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound technology in the diagnosis of As should be further explored.