右美托咪定作为局部麻醉药佐剂用于小儿区域阻滞的研究进展

Research Progress of Dexmedetomidine as Local Anesthetic Adjuvant in Pediatric Regional Anesthesia

右美托咪定(Dex)作为一种新型高选择性的α2肾上腺素受体激动剂,具有镇静、镇痛、抗炎等作用。近年来,国内外学者尝试了Dex作为局部麻醉药佐剂用于区域阻滞,证实Dex不但能增强镇痛强度、延长镇痛作用的持续时间,且不良反应相对较少。目前Dex作为局部麻醉药佐剂已经被广泛应用于成人区域阻滞,但在小儿区域阻滞中的应用仍处于研究和探索阶段,尤其是用于小儿不同神经阻滞时联合Dex的最佳剂量以及Dex是否可缩短局部麻醉药的起效时间还需要进一步的研究。

Dexmedetomidine(Dex)is a novel and highly selectiveα2 adrenergic receptor agonist with sedation,analgesia and anti-inflammatory effects.In recent years,domestic and foreign researchers have tried Dex as a local anesthetic adjuvant for regional anesthesia,proving that Dex not only can enhance the analgesic intensity,prolong the duration of analgesic effect,but also has relatively few adverse reactions.At present,Dex has been widely used as a local anesthetic adjuvant in regional anesthesia for adults,but for children this method is still in the research and exploration stage.And the optimal dose of Dex combined with different nerve block is still inconclusive,and further research is needed to confirm whether Dex can shorten the onset time of local anesthetics.