肠道菌群与肥胖、糖尿病关系的研究进展

Research Progress in Gut Microbiota and Its Effects on Diabetes and Obesity

近年来,肥胖和糖尿病等代谢性疾病成为威胁人类健康的全球性公共卫生问题。肠道菌群是携带人体“第二基因”的“隐形器官”,可影响机体能量代谢的吸收、肠壁通透性,还可参与碳水化合物、胆汁酸、短链脂肪酸等代谢过程,形成菌群-肠-靶器官轴。肠道菌群改变可引起胰岛素抵抗、炎症、血管疾病和代谢紊乱,从而介导代谢性疾病的发生发展。目前,通过饮食、益生菌、药物、手术、粪菌移植、遗传工程菌等手段进行的肠道菌群干预成为肥胖和糖尿病防治的新靶点。

Metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes have become public health problems threatening the whole world.Gut microbiota,as the "invisible organ" carrying the human body′s "second gene",not only affects the absorption of the body energy metabolism,intestinal wall permeability,but also participates in the metabolic processes such as carbohydrates,bile acids and short-chain fatty acids,forming the flora-intestine-target organ axis.Changes of microbiota can cause insulin resistance,inflammation,vascular diseases,and metabolic disorders,which mediates the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases.At present,the intervention of gut microbiota through diet,probiotics,drugs,surgery,fecal bacteria transplantation,genetically engineered bacteria and other means have become new targets for the prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes.