工笔和写意山水画在陶瓷创作中的表现

Fine brushwork and freehand landscape painting in Ceramic Creation

我国的山水画早在魏晋南北朝就开始出现端倪,虽然山水画卷尚未考察到实物,但山水画理论的著作是已经考察认定在魏晋南北朝已经出现。比如顾恺之的《画山水序》、宗炳的《叙画》、以及王微的《画云台山记》。可见山水画已有头绪,据考证我国最早的山水画卷则是隋唐展子虔的青绿山水《游春图》,之后山水画就开始从人物中的背景脱离出来,形成独立的画科。山水画在隋唐也是高速发展,形成工笔细腻的青绿山水一派,代表人物李思训和李昭道父子。还有水墨写意一派的文人山水,代表人物是王维和张璪。之后中国画的山水画就基本以这两派发展下去,随着陶瓷逐渐成为达官文人宅邸的装饰品后,山水画在陶瓷中装饰,也开始出现,在明朝开始形成,清进一步发展,近现代当代趋于成熟。

Chinese landscape painting began to appear as early as the Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties. Although the landscape painting volume has not yet inspected the physical object, the works of landscape painting theory have been inspected and confirmed to have appeared in the Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties. For example, Gu Kaizhi’s landscape painting preface, Zongbing’s narrative painting, and Wang Wei’s painting of Yuntai mountain. It can be seen that landscape painting has a clue. According to the textual research, the earliest landscape painting in China is spring outing, a green landscape painting by Zhan Ziqian of Sui and Tang Dynasties. After that, landscape painting began to separate from the background of the characters and form an independent painting branch. Landscape painting also developed rapidly in Sui and Tang Dynasties, forming a delicate green landscape school, representing Li sixun and Li Zhaodao’s father and son. There are also literati landscapes in the school of freehand brushwork, represented by Wang Wei and Zhang Yu. After that, the landscape painting of Chinese painting basically developed with these two schools. With the ceramic gradually becoming the ornament of Daguan literati’s residence, the landscape painting began to appear in the ceramic decoration, which began to form in the Ming Dynasty, further developed in the Qing Dynasty, and matured in modern times.