不同光合器官对小麦强势和弱势籽粒产量及蛋白质含量的影响

Effects of Different Photosynthetic Organs on the Yield and Protein Content of Superior and Inferior Wheat Kernels

为了解不同光合器官对小麦籽粒特性的作用,以明确产量和品质的穗粒位差异。以中筋品种济麦22和强筋品种济麦229为材料,于2011-2012年小麦季种植于山东省农业科学院作物研究所济南试验基地,通过对穗部遮光或剪掉叶片等6个处理,研究了小麦叶片与非叶光合器官对不同穗粒位籽粒粒数、粒质量和蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,单个处理对2个品种强势粒和弱势粒千粒质量和蛋白质含量的影响大于对穗粒数的影响;同时包穗和减掉全部叶片可显著降低2个品种强势粒和弱势粒的穗粒数和千粒质量,并显著提高蛋白质含量。在单个处理条件下,剪掉旗叶对千粒质量和蛋白质含量的影响最大,其次为包穗处理。济麦22强势粒穗粒数以及强势粒和弱势粒千粒质量均高于济麦229,而济麦229的籽粒蛋白质含量更高。不同处理下,2个品种强势粒和弱势粒穗粒数和千粒质量的变化较一致,而蛋白质含量的变化与穗粒数和千粒质量相反。因此,提高叶片光合效率的同时,增强穗部等非叶器官的光合能力,对保证籽粒灌浆、培育高产稳产品种具有重要意义。

In order to understand the effects of different photosynthetic organs on grain characteristics and the effects of panicle location on yield and quality of wheat,field experiments were conducted in Jinan of Shandong Province with two wheat varieties Jimai 22(Medium gluten)and Jimai 229(Strong gluten)during 2011-2012.The effects of leaves and non-leaf photosynthetic organs on kernel number per spike(KNS),thousand-kernel weight(TKW),and protein content(PC)in superior(SK)and inferior kernels(IK)under six treatments of darken spikes or cutting off leaves were investigated.Results showed that single treatment had less effect on KNS for both SK and IK,but more on TKW and PC.However,darken spikes and cutting off all leaves at the same time significantly decreased KNS and TKW and increased PC for SK and IK of two varieties.Under single treatment,cutting off flag leaves presented the largest effects on TKW and PC,followed by darken spikes.Jimai 22 had higher KNS for SK and higher TKW for SK and IK,whereas Jimai 229 had higher PC,consistent with the characteristics of two varieties.Under different treatments,the changes of KNS and TKW for SK and IK of two varieties were almost consistent with each other,while the changes of PC were opposite with KNS and TKW.Therefore,to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves and to enhance the photosynthetic capacity of non-leaf organs such as spikes are of great value in grain filling and breeding high and stable yielding varieties.